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Sleep studies are important for diagnosing sleep disorders such as insomnia, narcolepsy or sleep apnea. They rely on manual scoring of sleep stages from raw polisomnography signals, which is a tedious visual task requiring the workload of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Albert Vilamala , Kristoffer H. Madsen , Lars K. Hansen

Identifying sleep stages and patterns is an essential part of diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. With the advancement of smart technologies, sensor data related to sleeping patterns can be captured easily. In this paper, we propose a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-29 Vidya Rohini Konanur Sathish , Wai Lok Woo , Edmond S. L. Ho

Sleep stages pattern provides important clues in diagnosing the presence of sleep disorder. By analyzing sleep stages pattern and extracting its features from EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, we can classify sleep stages. This study presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Endang Purnama Giri , Mohamad Ivan Fanany , Aniati Murni Arymurthy

As sleep disorders are becoming more prevalent there is an urgent need to classify sleep stages in a less disturbing way.In particular, sleep-stage classification using simple sensors, such as single-channel electroencephalography (EEG),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Iksoo Choi , Wonyong Sung

Recently there has seen promising results on automatic stage scoring by extracting spatio-temporal features from electroencephalogram (EEG). Such methods entail laborious manual feature engineering and domain knowledge. In this study, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-08 Lingwei Zhu , Koki Odani , Ziwei Yang , Guang Shi , Yirong Kan , Zheng Chen , Renyuan Zhang

This paper proposes a deep learning (DL) model for automatic sleep stage classification based on single-channel EEG data. The DL model features a convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformers. The model was designed to run on energy…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-24 Zongyan Yao , Xilin Liu

We have developed an automatic sleep stage classification algorithm based on deep residual neural networks and raw polysomnogram signals. Briefly, the raw data is passed through 50 convolutional layers before subsequent classification into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Alexander Neergaard Olesen , Poul Jennum , Paul Peppard , Emmanuel Mignot , Helge Bjarup Dissing Sorensen

Sleep scoring is a necessary and time-consuming task in sleep studies. In animal models (such as mice) or in humans, automating this tedious process promises to facilitate long-term studies and to promote sleep biology as a data-driven…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-09-25 Justus T. C. Schwabedal , Daniel Sippel , Moritz D. Brandt , Stephan Bialonski

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring of neural activity is widely used for sleep disorder diagnostics and research. The standard of care is to manually classify 30-second epochs of EEG time-domain traces into 5 discrete sleep stages.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-21 Leon Chlon , Andrew Song , Sandya Subramanian , Hugo Soulat , John Tauber , Demba Ba , Michael Prerau

Accurate classification of sleep stages based on bio-signals is fundamental not only for automatic sleep stage annotation, but also for clinical health management and continuous sleep monitoring. Traditionally, this task relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingyu Li , Tiehua Zhang , Jinze Wang , Yi Zhang , Yuhuan Li , Yifan Zhao , Zhishu Shen , Libing Wu , Jiannan Liu

Accurate sleep stage classification across datasets remains challenging due to variability in EEG channel montages, sampling rates, recording environments, and subject populations. Although deep learning has shown considerable promise for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Unaza Tallal , Shruti Kshirsagar , Ankita Shukla

Sleep staging plays an important role on the diagnosis of sleep disorders. In general, experts classify sleep stages manually based on polysomnography (PSG), which is quite time-consuming. Meanwhile, the acquisition process of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Huafeng Wang , Chonggang Lu , Qi Zhang , Zhimin Hu , Xiaodong Yuan , Pingshu Zhang , Wanquan Liu

We present the first real-time sleep staging system that uses deep learning without the need for servers in a smartphone application for a wearable EEG. We employ real-time adaptation of a single channel Electroencephalography (EEG) to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Abhay Koushik , Judith Amores , Pattie Maes

Automatic sleep scoring is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and enables longitudinal sleep tracking in home environments. Conventionally, learning-based automatic sleep scoring on single-channel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Seongju Lee , Yeonguk Yu , Seunghyeok Back , Hogeon Seo , Kyoobin Lee

Sleep staging is a clinically important task for diagnosing various sleep disorders, but remains challenging to deploy at scale because it because it is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. Supervised deep learning-based approaches can…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Sayeri Lala , Hanlin Goh , Christopher Sandino

Automatic sleep staging is a challenging problem and state-of-the-art algorithms have not yet reached satisfactory performance to be used instead of manual scoring by a sleep technician. Much research has been done to find good feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Martin Längkvist , Amy Loutfi

A series of short events, called A-phases, can be observed in the human electroencephalogram during NREM sleep. These events can be classified in three groups (A1, A2 and A3) according to their spectral contents, and are thought to play a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-23 Edgar R. Arce-Santana , Alfonso Alba , Martin O. Mendez , Valdemar Arce-Guevara

Sleep stage classification constitutes an important element of sleep disorder diagnosis. It relies on the visual inspection of polysomnography records by trained sleep technologists. Automated approaches have been designed to alleviate this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-28 Antoine Guillot , Fabien Sauvet , Emmanuel H During , Valentin Thorey

Accurate classification of sleep stages from less obtrusive sensor measurements such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmogram (PPG) could enable important applications in sleep medicine. Existing approaches to this problem have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan F. Carter , Lionel Tarassenko

Accurate classification of sleep stages is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and automating this process can significantly enhance clinical assessments. This study aims to explore the use of a self-supervised model (more specifically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eldiane Borges dos Santos Durães , João Batista Florindo