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In this article, we introduce a novel variant of the Tsetlin machine (TM) that randomly drops clauses, the key learning elements of a TM. In effect, TM with drop clause ignores a random selection of the clauses in each epoch, selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jivitesh Sharma , Rohan Yadav , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Implicit sentiment analysis (ISA) presents significant challenges due to the absence of salient cue words. Previous methods have struggled with insufficient data and limited reasoning capabilities to infer underlying opinions. Integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenna Lai , Haoran Xie , Guandong Xu , Qing Li

The "all-or-nothing" clause evaluation strategy is a core mechanism in the Tsetlin Machine (TM) family of algorithms. In this approach, each clause - a logical pattern composed of binary literals mapped to input data - is disqualified from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Artem Hnilov

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine learning paradigm that employs finite-state automata for learning and utilizes propositional logic to represent patterns. Due to its simplistic approach, TMs are inherently more interpretable than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mayur Kishor Shende , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Runar Helin , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Rishad Shafik

TMs are a pattern recognition approach that uses finite state machines for learning and propositional logic to represent patterns. In addition to being natively interpretable, they have provided competitive accuracy for various tasks. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Rupsa Saha , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Morten Goodwin

The proliferation of fake news, i.e., news intentionally spread for misinformation, poses a threat to individuals and society. Despite various fact-checking websites such as PolitiFact, robust detection techniques are required to deal with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) capture patterns using conjunctive clauses in propositional logic, thus facilitating interpretation. However, recent TM-based approaches mainly rely on inspecting the full range of clauses individually. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Christian D. Blakely , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Designing an explainable model becomes crucial now for Natural Language Processing(NLP) since most of the state-of-the-art machine learning models provide a limited explanation for the prediction. In the spectrum of an explainable model,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Rohan Kumar Yadav , Bimal Bhattarai , Abhik Jana , Lei Jiao , Seid Muhie Yimam

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a propositional logic based model that uses conjunctive clauses to learn patterns from data. As with typical neural networks, the performance of a Tsetlin Machine is largely dependent on its parameter count, with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Calvin Kinateder

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has gained significant attention in Machine Learning (ML). By employing logical fundamentals, it facilitates pattern learning and representation, offering an alternative approach for developing comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik

The development of efficient exact and approximate algorithms for probabilistic inference is a long-standing goal of artificial intelligence research. Whereas substantial progress has been made in dealing with purely discrete or purely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Giuseppe Spallitta , Gabriele Masina , Paolo Morettin , Andrea Passerini , Roberto Sebastiani

Using logical clauses to represent patterns, Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have recently obtained competitive performance in terms of accuracy, memory footprint, energy, and learning speed on several benchmarks. Each TM clause votes for or against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-10 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Bimal Bhattarai , Morten Goodwin , Saeed Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rupsa Saha , Rohan K. Yadav

The increasing complexity of large-scale language models has amplified concerns regarding their interpretability and reusability. While traditional embedding models like Word2Vec and GloVe offer scalability, they lack transparency and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has recently attracted attention as a low-power alternative to neural networks due to its simple and interpretable inference mechanisms. However, its performance on speech-related tasks remains limited. This paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Baizhou Lin , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu , Rishad Shafik , Jagmohan Chauhan

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

Tree ensembles are very popular machine learning models, known for their effectiveness in supervised classification and regression tasks. Their performance derives from aggregating predictions of multiple decision trees, which are renowned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Lorenzo Bonasera , Emilio Carrizosa

Recent research in novelty detection focuses mainly on document-level classification, employing deep neural networks (DNN). However, the black-box nature of DNNs makes it difficult to extract an exact explanation of why a document is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Tsetlin Machines (TsMs) are a promising and interpretable machine learning method which can be applied for various classification tasks. We present an exact encoding of TsMs into propositional logic and formally verify properties of TsMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Emilia Przybysz , Bimal Bhattarai , Cosimo Persia , Ana Ozaki , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Jivitesh Sharma

In this paper, we apply a new promising tool for pattern classification, namely, the Tsetlin Machine (TM), to the field of disease forecasting. The TM is interpretable because it is based on manipulating expressions in propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Xuan Zhang , Morten Goodwin

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi