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We discuss methods for visualizing neural network decision boundaries and decision regions. We use these visualizations to investigate issues related to reproducibility and generalization in neural network training. We observe that changes…

"Overlearning" means that a model trained for a seemingly simple objective implicitly learns to recognize attributes and concepts that are (1) not part of the learning objective, and (2) sensitive from a privacy or bias perspective. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Congzheng Song , Vitaly Shmatikov

Deep neural networks are often seen as different from other model classes by defying conventional notions of generalization. Popular examples of anomalous generalization behaviour include benign overfitting, double descent, and the success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Andrew Gordon Wilson

Complex visual scenes that are composed of multiple objects, each with attributes, such as object name, location, pose, color, etc., are challenging to describe in order to train neural networks. Usually,deep learning networks are trained…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-27 E. Paxon Frady , Spencer Kent , Quinn Tran , Pentti Kanerva , Bruno A. Olshausen , Friedrich T. Sommer

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the field of Open-Set Recognition, which allows a classification model to identify inputs as "unknown" when it encounters an object or class not in the training set. This ability to flag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Zachary Rabin , Jim Davis , Benjamin Lewis , Matthew Scherreik

Deep learning (DL) enables deep neural networks (DNNs) to automatically learn complex tasks or rules from given examples without instructions or guiding principles. As we do not engineer DNNs' functions, it is extremely difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jung H. Lee , Sujith Vijayan

While neural models show remarkable accuracy on individual predictions, their internal beliefs can be inconsistent across examples. In this paper, we formalize such inconsistency as a generalization of prediction error. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Tao Li , Vivek Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Vivek Srikumar

When a large feedforward neural network is trained on a small training set, it typically performs poorly on held-out test data. This "overfitting" is greatly reduced by randomly omitting half of the feature detectors on each training case.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-07-04 Geoffrey E. Hinton , Nitish Srivastava , Alex Krizhevsky , Ilya Sutskever , Ruslan R. Salakhutdinov

We report a bio-inspired framework for training a neural network through reinforcement learning to induce high level functions within the network. Based on the interpretation that animals have gained their cognitive functions such as object…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Junmo Cho , Dong-Hwan Lee , Young-Gyu Yoon

Due to the realization that deep reinforcement learning algorithms trained on high-dimensional tasks can strongly overfit to their training environments, there have been several studies that investigated the generalization performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Safa Alver , Doina Precup

Neural networks (NN) perform well in diverse tasks, but sometimes produce nonsensical results to humans. Most NN models "solely" learn from (input, output) pairs, occasionally conflicting with human knowledge. Many studies indicate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Mooho Song , Jay-Yoon Lee

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

We propose a novel regularization algorithm to train deep neural networks, in which data at training time is severely biased. Since a neural network efficiently learns data distribution, a network is likely to learn the bias information to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Byungju Kim , Hyunwoo Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Sungjin Kim , Junmo Kim

In comparison to classical shallow representation learning techniques, deep neural networks have achieved superior performance in nearly every application benchmark. But despite their clear empirical advantages, it is still not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Calvin Murdock , George Cazenavette , Simon Lucey

Meta-learning usually refers to a learning algorithm that learns from other learning algorithms. The problem of uncertainty in the predictions of neural networks shows that the world is only partially predictable and a learned neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Yuwei Sun

Various natural language processing tasks are structured prediction problems where outputs are constructed with multiple interdependent decisions. Past work has shown that domain knowledge, framed as constraints over the output space, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Xingyuan Pan , Maitrey Mehta , Vivek Srikumar

Algorithms often have tunable parameters that impact performance metrics such as runtime and solution quality. For many algorithms used in practice, no parameter settings admit meaningful worst-case bounds, so the parameters are made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Maria-Florina Balcan , Dan DeBlasio , Travis Dick , Carl Kingsford , Tuomas Sandholm , Ellen Vitercik

According to the principle of compositional generalization, the meaning of a complex expression can be understood as a function of the meaning of its parts and of how they are combined. This principle is crucial for human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sungjun Han , Sebastian Padó

In the context of neural network models, overparametrization refers to the phenomena whereby these models appear to generalize well on the unseen data, even though the number of parameters significantly exceeds the sample sizes, and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-25 Matt Emschwiller , David Gamarnik , Eren C. Kızıldağ , Ilias Zadik

Despite the extreme popularity of deep learning in science and industry, its formal understanding is limited. This thesis puts forth notions of rank as key for developing a theory of deep learning, focusing on the fundamental aspects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Noam Razin