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Cosmic gamma-ray photons incident on the upper atmosphere create air showers that move to the Earth's surface with superluminal speed, relative to the air. Even though many of these air showers remain superluminal all along their…
Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) are pivotal in various scientific fields, including neutrino physics, gamma-ray astronomy, and cosmic-ray research. The detection sensitivity and precision of these detectors crucially rely on…
The HAWC observatory reconstructs atmospheric showers induced by very high-energy primary cosmic- or gamma-rays. Cosmic-rays with hadronic nature are several orders of magnitude more frequent than primary gammas and therefore it is…
Muography is an innovative imaging technique using naturally produced elementary particles -- atmospheric muons -- like the X-rays of medical imaging. The modification of the particles flux -- by scattering or absorption --, reflects the…
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory was designed to study gamma-ray sources in the energy range between a few hundred GeV up to few hundred TeV. It is composed of 300 Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) that cover a surface of…
Ground-level particle detection is now a well-established approach to TeV gamma-ray astronomy. Detection of Cherenkov light produced in water-filled detection units is a proven and cost-effective method. Here we discuss the optimization of…
Water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) have been widely used in cosmic ray observations. This paper presents, for the first time, a cost-effective WCD design integrating a small photomultiplier tube (PMT) with wavelength-shifting fiber (WLS…
The concept of a small, single-layer water Cherenkov detector, with three photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), placed at its bottom in a $120^{\circ}$ star configuration (\emph{Mercedes} Water Cherenkov Detector) is presented. The PMTs are placed…
The muon tagging is an essential tool to distinguish between gamma and hadron-induced showers in wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatories. In this work, it is shown that an efficient muon tagging (and counting) can be achieved using a…
In order to characterise the behaviour of Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) under a sudden increase of 1 GeV - 1 TeV background photons from a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), simulations were conducted and compared to data acquired by the WCD of the…
Cherenkov detectors have been extensively developed and utilized in various scientific fields, including particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear engineering. These detectors operate based on Cherenkov radiation, which is emitted when a…
High Energy Cosmic Rays (C.R.) versus Neutrino and Neutralino induced Air-Shower maybe tested at Horizons by their muons, gamma and Cerenkov blazing signals. Inclined and Horizontal C.R. Showers (70-90 zenith angle) produce secondary…
Water Cherenkov detectors like Super-Kamiokande, and the next generation Hyper-Kamiokande are adding gadolinium to their water to improve the detection of neutrons. By detecting neutrons in addition to the leptons in neutrino interactions,…
This paper presents several approaches to deal with the problem of identifying muons in a water Cherenkov detector with a reduced water volume and 4 PMTs. Different perspectives of information representation are used and new features are…
Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) are efficient detectors for detecting GRBs in the 10 GeV - 1 TeV energy range using the single particle technique, given their sensitivity to low energy secondary photons produced by high energy photons when…
Nowadays the implementation of artificial neural networks in high-energy physics has obtained excellent results on improving signal detection. In this work we propose to use neural networks (NNs) for event discrimination in HAWC. This…
In this paper, novel methods are presented to measure the optical properties of muon detectors (MDs) in the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), which can also be used by other experiments. Each MD consists of a cylindrical…
Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) arrays such as VERITAS are used for ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. This is accomplished by the detection and analysis of the Cherenkov light produced by gamma-ray-initiated…
Muons and other ionizing radiation produced by cosmic rays and radiative decays affect CMOS/CCD sensor. When particles colliding with sensors atoms cause specific kind of noise on images recorded by cameras. We present a concept and…
In the framework of the development of the SWGO experiment we have performed a detailed study of the single unit of an extensive air shower observatory based on an array of water Cherenkov detectors. Indeed, one of the possible water…