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With increasing patient and staff X-ray radiation awareness, many efforts have been made to develop accurate patient dose estimation methods. To date, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are considered golden standard to simulate the interaction…
X-ray CT dose measurement has mainly been performed using an ionization chamber dosimeter. Therefore, the dose distribution has not been sufficiently studied. We investigated the importance of evaluating the two or three-dimensional dose…
Computed tomography (CT) scans are a major source of medical radiation exposure worldwide. In countries like China, the frequency of CT scans has grown rapidly, particularly in routine physical examinations where chest CT scans are…
Concerns have been raised about possible cancer risks after exposure to computed tomography (CT) scans in childhood. The health effects of ionizing radiation are then estimated from the absorbed dose to the organs of interest which is…
Background: Spectral shaping is a computed tomography (CT) dose optimization technique that adjusts source voltage and filtration to reduce patient radiation exposure without compromising image quality. Traditionally, radiation dose has…
Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a novel framework, iPhantom, for automated creation of patient-specific phantoms or digital-twins (DT) using patient medical images. The framework is applied to assess radiation dose to…
Space radiation remains one of the primary hazards to spaceflight crews. The unique nature of the intravehicular radiation spectrum makes prediction of biological outcomes difficult, with computational simulation-based efforts stymied by…
Purpose. - Radiotherapy is an important treatment for prostate cancer.During treatment sessions, bladder and rectal repletion is difficult to quantify and cannot be measured with a single and initial CT scan acquisition. Some methods, such…
In radiotherapy, the internal movement of organs between treatment sessions causes errors in the final radiation dose delivery. Motion models can be used to simulate motion patterns and assess anatomical robustness before delivery.…
Dose volume histograms are a useful tool in state-of-the-art radiotherapy planning, and it is essential to be aware of their limitations. Dose distributions computed by treatment planning systems are affected by several sources of…
With the advancement of treatment modalities in radiation therapy for cancer patients, outcomes have improved, but at the cost of increased treatment plan complexity and planning time. The accurate prediction of dose distributions would…
Purpose: To verify dose delivery and quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for head and neck cancer. Method: The Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core Houston (IROC-H) head and neck phantom with thermo- luminescent…
An intercomparison exercise is described that examines Monte Carlo modelling of anthropomorphic voxel phantoms in an idealized ground-contamination photon exposure scenario. Thirteen participants calculated and submitted organ and effective…
This work summarises the results of a comparison organized by EURADOS focused on the usage of the ICRP Reference Computational Phantoms. This activity aimed to provide training for the implementation of voxel phantoms in Monte Carlo…
The XCAT phantom is a realistic 4D digital torso phantom that is widely used in imaging and therapy research. However, lung mass is not conserved between respiratory phases of the phantom, making detailed dosimetric simulations and dose…
Background: X-ray dark-field radiography uses small-angle scattering to visualize the structural integrity of lung alveoli. To study the influence of dose reduction on clinical dark-field radiographs, one can simulate low-dose images by…
Pencil x-ray beam imaging provides superior spatial resolution than other imaging geometries like sheet beam and cone beam geometries due to the illumination of a line instead of an area or volume. However, the pencil beam geometry suffers…
Purpose: We propose a general framework for quantifying predictive uncertainties of dose-related quantities and leveraging this information in a dose mimicking problem in the context of automated radiation therapy treatment planning.…
Purpose: Digital phantoms are one of the key components of virtual imaging trials (VITs) that aim to assess and optimize new medical imaging systems and algorithms. However, these phantoms vary in their voxel resolution, appearance, and…
Inter-observer variation is a significant problem in clinical target volume(CTV) segmentation in postoperative settings, where there is no gross tumor present. In this scenario, the CTV is not an anatomically established structure, but one…