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Related papers: Ensuring Fairness under Prior Probability Shifts

200 papers

There has been a prevalence of applying AI software in both high-stakes public-sector and industrial contexts. However, the lack of transparency has raised concerns about whether these data-informed AI software decisions secure fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Xiaoyin Xi , Zhe Yu

Learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is an important problem in various applications. Most of the recent approaches for PU classification assume that the class-prior (the ratio of positive samples) in the training unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Shota Nakajima , Masashi Sugiyama

A trade-off between accuracy and fairness is almost taken as a given in the existing literature on fairness in machine learning. Yet, it is not preordained that accuracy should decrease with increased fairness. Novel to this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-14 Sanghamitra Dutta , Dennis Wei , Hazar Yueksel , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu , Kush R. Varshney

Recent years have seen much research on fairness in machine learning. Here, mean difference (MD) or demographic parity is one of the most popular measures of fairness. However, MD quantifies not only discrimination but also explanatory bias…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-18 Hikaru Ogura , Akiko Takeda

Standard approaches to group-based notions of fairness, such as \emph{parity} and \emph{equalized odds}, try to equalize absolute measures of performance across known groups (based on race, gender, etc.). Consequently, a group that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Anilesh K. Krishnaswamy , Zhihao Jiang , Kangning Wang , Yu Cheng , Kamesh Munagala

While machine learning models have achieved unprecedented success in real-world applications, they might make biased/unfair decisions for specific demographic groups and hence result in discriminative outcomes. Although research efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Yuying Zhao , Yu Wang , Tyler Derr

Since the rise of fair machine learning as a critical field of inquiry, many different notions on how to quantify and measure discrimination have been proposed in the literature. Some of these notions, however, were shown to be mutually…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Drago Plecko , Elias Bareinboim

Fairness-aware domain generalization (FairDG) has emerged as a critical challenge for deploying trustworthy AI systems, particularly in scenarios involving distribution shifts. Traditional methods for addressing fairness have failed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yujie Lin , Dong Li , Minglai Shao , Guihong Wan , Chen Zhao

We study the problem of fair classification within the versatile framework of Dwork et al. [ITCS '12], which assumes the existence of a metric that measures similarity between pairs of individuals. Unlike earlier work, we do not assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Michael P. Kim , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum

We introduce Fisher consistency in the sense of unbiasedness as a desirable property for estimators of class prior probabilities. Lack of Fisher consistency could be used as a criterion to dismiss estimators that are unlikely to deliver…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-23 Dirk Tasche

Fairness in machine learning has attracted increasing attention in recent years. The fairness methods improving algorithmic fairness for in-distribution data may not perform well under distribution shifts. In this paper, we first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhimeng Jiang , Xiaotian Han , Hongye Jin , Guanchu Wang , Rui Chen , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Ensuring fairness in machine learning models is critical, particularly in high-stakes domains where biased decisions can lead to serious societal consequences. Existing preprocessing approaches generally lack transparent mechanisms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lin Zhu , Yijun Bian , Lei You

Machine learning and data mining algorithms have been increasingly used recently to support decision-making systems in many areas of high societal importance such as healthcare, education, or security. While being very efficient in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Charlotte Laclau , Ievgen Redko , Manvi Choudhary , Christine Largeron

Conformal prediction is often calibrated with a single pooled threshold, but this can hide cross-group heterogeneity in score distributions and distort group-wise coverage. We study this phenomenon through the population score distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-18 Ziang Gao , Pengqi Liu , Archer Yi Yang , Mouloud Belbahri , Jesse C. Cresswell , Masoud Asgharian

Algorithms are now routinely used to make consequential decisions that affect human lives. Examples include college admissions, medical interventions or law enforcement. While algorithms empower us to harness all information hidden in vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Bahar Taskesen , Jose Blanchet , Daniel Kuhn , Viet Anh Nguyen

Bayesian decision theory advocates the Bayes classifier as the optimal approach for minimizing the risk in machine learning problems. Current deep learning algorithms usually solve for the optimal classifier by \emph{implicitly} estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Assessing the fairness of a decision making system with respect to a protected class, such as gender or race, is challenging when class membership labels are unavailable. Probabilistic models for predicting the protected class based on…

Applications · Statistics 2018-11-28 Jiahao Chen , Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Geoffry Svacha , Madeleine Udell

In the United States and elsewhere, risk assessment algorithms are being used to help inform criminal justice decision-makers. A common intent is to forecast an offender's ``future dangerousness.'' Such algorithms have been correctly…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-10 Richard A. Berk , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

We propose a new family of fairness definitions for classification problems that combine some of the best properties of both statistical and individual notions of fairness. We posit not only a distribution over individuals, but also a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi

Fairness concerns are increasingly critical as machine learning models are deployed in high-stakes applications. While existing fairness-aware methods typically intervene at the model level, they often suffer from high computational costs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yixuan Zhang , Jiabin Luo , Zhenggang Wang , Feng Zhou , Quyu Kong