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Recent deep learning based approaches have achieved great success on handwriting recognition. Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world. Previous research has mainly focused on recognizing handwritten…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Xu-Yao Zhang , Fei Yin , Yan-Ming Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Although neural machine translation has made significant progress recently, how to integrate multiple overlapping, arbitrary prior knowledge sources remains a challenge. In this work, we propose to use posterior regularization to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Jiacheng Zhang , Yang Liu , Huanbo Luan , Jingfang Xu , Maosong Sun

The assumption across nearly all language model (LM) tokenization schemes is that tokens should be subwords, i.e., contained within word boundaries. While providing a seemingly reasonable inductive bias, is this common practice limiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Alisa Liu , Jonathan Hayase , Valentin Hofmann , Sewoong Oh , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

Tokenisation is the first step in almost all NLP tasks, and state-of-the-art transformer-based language models all use subword tokenisation algorithms to process input text. Existing algorithms have problems, often producing tokenisations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Edward Gow-Smith , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Carolina Scarton , Aline Villavicencio

In this article, we present a Shell Language Preprocessing (SLP) library, which implements tokenization and encoding directed at parsing Unix and Linux shell commands. We describe the rationale behind the need for a new approach with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Dmitrijs Trizna

Rapidly developed neural models have achieved competitive performance in Chinese word segmentation (CWS) as their traditional counterparts. However, most of methods encounter the computational inefficiency especially for long sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Sufeng Duan , Jiangtong Li , Hai Zhao

Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) aims to detect and correct erroneous characters for user-generated text in the Chinese language. Most of the Chinese spelling errors are misused semantically, phonetically or graphically similar characters.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Heng-Da Xu , Zhongli Li , Qingyu Zhou , Chao Li , Zizhen Wang , Yunbo Cao , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

Ancient people translated classical Chinese into Japanese using a system of annotations placed around characters. We abstract this process as sequence tagging tasks and fit them into modern language technologies. The research on this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zilong Li , Jie Cao

In this paper, we present an effective method to analyze the recognition confidence of handwritten Chinese character, based on the softmax regression score of a high performance convolutional neural networks (CNN). Through careful and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Meijun He , Shuye Zhang , Huiyun Mao , Lianwen Jin

Sememes are minimum semantic units of concepts in human languages, such that each word sense is composed of one or multiple sememes. Words are usually manually annotated with their sememes by linguists, and form linguistic common-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Huiming Jin , Hao Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu , Ruobing Xie , Maosong Sun , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin

The widespread use of pre-trained language models (PLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) has greatly improved performance outcomes. However, these models' vulnerability to adversarial attacks (e.g., camouflaged hints from drug…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zi Xiong , Lizhi Qing , Yangyang Kang , Jiawei Liu , Hongsong Li , Changlong Sun , Xiaozhong Liu , Wei Lu

Previous works indicate that the glyph of Chinese characters contains rich semantic information and has the potential to enhance the representation of Chinese characters. The typical method to utilize the glyph features is by incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Yunxin Li , Yu Zhao , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen , Yang Xiang , Xiaolong Wang , Yuxin Ding , Lin Ma

Chinese named entity recognition (CNER) is an important task in Chinese natural language processing field. However, CNER is very challenging since Chinese entity names are highly context-dependent. In addition, Chinese texts lack delimiters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Fangzhao Wu , Junxin Liu , Chuhan Wu , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Previous work has considered token overlap, or even similarity of token distributions, as predictors for multilinguality and cross-lingual knowledge transfer in language models. However, these very literal metrics assign large distances to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Katharina Hämmerl , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

Tokenization is a foundational step in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, bridging raw text and language models. Existing tokenization approaches like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) originate from the field of data compression, and it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Haoran Zhang , Alec Alameddine , Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

The flourishing blossom of deep learning has witnessed the rapid development of Chinese character recognition. However, it remains a great challenge that the characters for testing may have different distributions from those of the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Haiyang Yu , Jingye Chen , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Transliterating related languages that use different scripts into a common script is effective for improving crosslingual transfer in downstream tasks. However, this methodology often makes pretraining a model from scratch unavoidable, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yihong Liu , Chunlan Ma , Haotian Ye , Hinrich Schütze

Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) requires only monolingual data of similar language pairs during training and can produce bi-directional translation models with relatively good performance on alphabetic languages (Lample et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Longtu Zhang , Mamoru Komachi

There are more than 80,000 character categories in Chinese while most of them are rarely used. To build a high performance handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR) system supporting the full character set with a traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Dongnan Gui , Kai Chen , Haisong Ding , Qiang Huo

Recently, neural network models for natural language processing tasks have been increasingly focused on for their ability of alleviating the burden of manual feature engineering. However, the previous neural models cannot extract the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang