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This study addresses the challenges of dynamics and complexity in intelligent human-computer interaction and proposes a reinforcement learning-based optimization framework to improve long-term returns and overall experience. Human-computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rui Liu , Yifan Zhuang , Runsheng Zhang

We posit that to achieve continual model improvement and multifaceted alignment, future models must learn from natural human interaction. Current conversational models are aligned using pre-annotated, expert-generated human feedback. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chuanyang Jin , Jing Xu , Bo Liu , Leitian Tao , Olga Golovneva , Tianmin Shu , Wenting Zhao , Xian Li , Jason Weston

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been applied to task-oriented dialogue systems by using latent actions to solve shortcomings of supervised learning (SL). In this paper, we propose a multi-domain task-oriented dialogue system,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Hyunmin Jeon , Gary Geunbae Lee

Sparse reward problems are one of the biggest challenges in Reinforcement Learning. Goal-directed tasks are one such sparse reward problems where a reward signal is received only when the goal is reached. One promising way to train an agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Ameet Deshpande , Srikanth Sarma , Ashutosh Jha , Balaraman Ravindran

How can we train a dialog model to produce better conversations by learning from human feedback, without the risk of humans teaching it harmful chat behaviors? We start by hosting models online, and gather human feedback from real-time,…

An important aspect of developing conversational agents is to give a bot the ability to improve through communicating with humans and to learn from the mistakes that it makes. Most research has focused on learning from fixed training sets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Jiwei Li , Alexander H. Miller , Sumit Chopra , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Jason Weston

A centerpiece of the ever-popular reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) approach to fine-tuning autoregressive language models is the explicit training of a reward model to emulate human feedback, distinct from the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Wanqiao Xu , Shi Dong , Dilip Arumugam , Benjamin Van Roy

Multi-turn user interactions are among the most abundant data produced by language models, yet we lack effective methods to learn from them. While typically discarded, these interactions often contain useful information: follow-up user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Thomas Kleine Buening , Jonas Hübotter , Barna Pásztor , Idan Shenfeld , Giorgia Ramponi , Andreas Krause

Spoken dialogue systems allow humans to interact with machines using natural speech. As such, they have many benefits. By using speech as the primary communication medium, a computer interface can facilitate swift, human-like acquisition of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Milica Gasic , Nikola Mrksic , Lina M. Rojas-Barahona , Pei-Hao Su , Stefan Ultes , David Vandyke , Tsung-Hsien Wen , Steve Young

This paper is concerned with the training of recurrent neural networks as goal-oriented dialog agents using reinforcement learning. Training such agents with policy gradients typically requires a large amount of samples. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Rui Zhao , Volker Tresp

Dialogue Policy Learning is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue system (TDS) that decides the next action of the system given the dialogue state at each turn. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is commonly chosen to learn the dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Wai-Chung Kwan , Hongru Wang , Huimin Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

End-to-end multi-task dialogue systems are usually designed with separate modules for the dialogue pipeline. Among these, the policy module is essential for deciding what to do in response to user input. This policy is trained by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Navin Kamuni , Hardik Shah , Sathishkumar Chintala , Naveen Kunchakuri , Sujatha Alla Old Dominion

Current conversational AI systems often provide generic, one-size-fits-all interactions that overlook individual user characteristics and lack adaptive dialogue management. To address this gap, we introduce \textbf{HumAIne-chatbot}, an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Georgios Makridis , George Fragiadakis , Jorge Oliveira , Tomaz Saraiva , Philip Mavrepis , Georgios Fatouros , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Language understanding (LU) and dialogue policy learning are two essential components in conversational systems. Human-human dialogues are not well-controlled and often random and unpredictable due to their own goals and speaking habits.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Ta-Chung Chi , Po-Chun Chen , Shang-Yu Su , Yun-Nung Chen

In recent years, the growing demand for more intelligent service robots is pushing the development of mobile robot navigation algorithms to allow safe and efficient operation in a dense crowd. Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Keyu Li , Ye Lu , Max Q. -H. Meng

In human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning or environments where calculating a reward is expensive, the costly rewards can make learning efficiency challenging to achieve. The cost of obtaining feedback from humans or calculating expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Muhammed Yusuf Satici , David L. Roberts

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

Reinforcement learning has been widely adopted to model dialogue managers in task-oriented dialogues. However, the user simulator provided by state-of-the-art dialogue frameworks are only rough approximations of human behaviour. The ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Thibault Cordier , Tanguy Urvoy , Fabrice Lefevre , Lina M. Rojas-Barahona

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

Many conversational domains require the system to present nuanced information to users. Such systems must follow up what they say to address clarification questions and repair misunderstandings. In this work, we explore this interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Baber Khalid , Matthew Stone