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DNA sequences are prone to creating secondary structures by folding back on themselves by non-specific hybridization among its nucleotides. The formation of secondary structures makes the sequences chemically inactive towards synthesis and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Paramapalli Udaya , Abhay Kumar Singh

Minimizing data storage poses a significant challenge in large-scale metagenomic projects. In this paper, we present a new method for improving the encoding of FASTQ files generated by metagenomic sequencing. This method incorporates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Diogo Pratas , Armando J. Pinho

As a medium for cold data storage, DNA stands out as it promises significant gains in storage capacity and lifetime. However, it comes with its own data processing challenges to overcome. Constrained codes over the DNA alphabet…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Canberk İrimağzı , Ahmed Hareedy

The interest in channel models in which the data is sent as an unordered set of binary strings has increased lately, due to emerging applications in DNA storage, among others. In this paper we analyze the minimal redundancy of binary codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Jin Sima , Netanel Raviv , Jehoshua Bruck

DNA sequences encode critical genetic information, yet their variable length and discrete nature impede direct utilization in deep learning models. Existing DNA representation schemes convert sequences into numerical vectors but fail to…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Zhiyuan Peng , Naifan Zhang , Yuanbo Tang , Yang Li

An indel refers to a single insertion or deletion, while an edit refers to a single insertion, deletion or substitution. In this paper, we investigate codes that combat either a single indel or a single edit and provide linear-time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Kui Cai , Yeow Meng Chee , Ryan Gabrys , Han Mao Kiah , Tuan Thanh Nguyen

We propose a novel and flexible DNA-storage architecture, which divides the storage space into fixed-size units (blocks) that can be independently and efficiently accessed at random for both read and write operations, and further allows…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Puru Sharma , Cheng-Kai Lim , Dehui Lin , Yash Pote , Djordje Jevdjic

Because of DNA appealing features as perfect material, including minuscule size, defined structural repeat and rigidity, programmable DNA-mediated processing is a promising computing paradigm, which employs DNAs as information storing and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-08-17 Jian-Jun Shu , Qi-Wen Wang , Kian-Yan Yong , Fangwei Shao , Kee Jin Lee

With the development of gene sequencing technology, an explosive growth of gene data has been witnessed. And the storage of gene data has become an important issue. Traditional gene data compression methods rely on general software like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Zhanbei Cui , Yu Liao , Tongda Xu , Yan Wang

Recently, DNA storage has surfaced as a promising alternative for data storage, presenting notable benefits in terms of storage capacity, cost-effectiveness in maintenance, and the capability for parallel replication. Mathematically, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Yi Lu , Yun Ma , Chenghao Li , Xin Zhang , Guangxiang Si

The DNA storage channel is considered, in which the $M$ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules comprising each codeword are stored without order, sampled $N$ times with replacement, and then sequenced over a discrete memoryless channel. For…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Nir Weinberger , Neri Merhav

Biomolecular computation has emerged as an important area of computer science research due to its high information density, immense parallelism opportunity along with potential applications in cryptography, genetic engineering and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Anupam Chattopadhyay , Arnab Chakrabarti

Decoding sequences that stem from multiple transmissions of a codeword over an insertion, deletion, and substitution channel is a critical component of efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage systems. In this paper, we consider a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Issam Maarouf , Andreas Lenz , Lorenz Welter , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Digital information can be encoded in the building-block sequence of macro-molecules, such as RNA and single-stranded DNA. Methods of "writing" and "reading" macromolecular strands are currently available, but they are slow and expensive.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Masud Mansuripur , Pramod Khulbe

The main obstacles for the practical deployment of DNA-based data storage platforms are the prohibitively high cost of synthetic DNA and the large number of errors introduced during synthesis. In particular, synthetic DNA products contain…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-26 Chao Pan , S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei Yazdi , S Kasra Tabatabaei , Alvaro G. Hernandez , Charles Schroeder , Olgica Milenkovic

This work concerns formal descriptions of DNA code properties, and builds on previous work on transducer descriptions of classic code properties and on trajectory descriptions of DNA code properties. This line of research allows us to give…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Lila Kari , Stavros Konstantinidis , Steffen Kopecki

Codes have been used for centuries to convey secret information.To a cryptanalyst, the interception of a code is only the first step in recovering a secret message.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological and molecular code.Through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-01-31 O. Okunoye Babatunde

In this work, we investigate a challenging problem, which has been considered to be an important criterion in designing codewords for DNA computing purposes, namely secondary structure avoidance in single-stranded DNA molecules. In short,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Tuan Thanh Nguyen , Kui Cai , Han Mao Kiah , Duc Tu Dao , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

DNA sequencing allows for the determination of the genetic code of an organism, and therefore is an indispensable tool that has applications in Medicine, Life Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Food Sciences and Technology, and Agriculture. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-24 Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan

We initiate the study of DNA-based distributed storage systems, where information is encoded across multiple DNA data storage containers to achieve robustness against container failures. In this setting, data are distributed over $M$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Adi Levy , Roni Con , Eitan Yaakobi , Han Mao Kiah