English
Related papers

Related papers: Multiple-bias sensitivity analysis using bounds

200 papers

Sensitivity analysis for the unconfoundedness assumption is crucial in observational studies. For this purpose, the marginal sensitivity model (MSM) gained popularity recently due to its good interpretability and mathematical properties.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-27 Yao Zhang , Qingyuan Zhao

This paper introduces tools for assessing the sensitivity, to unobserved confounding, of a common estimator of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome that employs weights: the weighted linear regression of the outcome on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-06 Leonard Wainstein , Chad Hazlett

Exposure measurement error is a ubiquitous but often overlooked challenge in causal inference with observational data. Existing methods accounting for exposure measurement error largely rely on restrictive parametric assumptions, while…

Confounding and exposure measurement error can introduce bias when drawing inference about the marginal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. While there are broad methodologies for addressing each source of bias individually,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-29 Brian D. Richardson , Bryan S. Blette , Peter B. Gilbert , Michael G. Hudgens

Estimating the causal effect of a treatment or health policy with observational data can be challenging due to an imbalance of and a lack of overlap between treated and control covariate distributions. In the presence of limited overlap,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-24 Martha Barnard , Jared D. Huling , Julian Wolfson

Sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in observational studies is commonly based on threshold quantities, such as the Cornfield condition or the E-value, which quantify how strong a confounder must be to explain away an observed…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-03-20 Tommaso Costa

Matching is one of the most widely used causal inference designs in observational studies, but post-matching confounding bias remains a critical concern. This bias includes overt bias from inexact matching on measured confounders and hidden…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-26 Siyu Heng , Yanxin Shen , Pengyun Wang

Numerous multimodal misinformation benchmarks exhibit bias toward specific modalities, allowing detectors to make predictions based solely on one modality. While previous research has quantified bias at the dataset level or manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hehai Lin , Hui Liu , Shilei Cao , Jing Li , Haoliang Li , Wenya Wang

The assumption of no unmeasured confounders is a critical but unverifiable assumption required for causal inference yet quantitative sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of real-world evidence remains underutilized. The lack of use is…

No unmeasured confounding is a common assumption when reasoning about counterfactual outcomes, but such an assumption may not be plausible in observational studies. Sensitivity analysis is often employed to assess the robustness of causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-20 Abhinandan Dalal , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Data analysis based on information from several sources is common in economic and biomedical studies. This setting is often referred to as the data fusion problem, which differs from traditional missing data problems since no complete data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-07 Wei Li , Shanshan Luo , Wangli Xu

Establishing cause-effect relationships from observational data often relies on untestable assumptions. It is crucial to know whether, and to what extent, the conclusions drawn from non-experimental studies are robust to potential…

Matching is one of the most widely used study designs for adjusting for measured confounders in observational studies. However, unmeasured confounding may exist and cannot be removed by matching. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-17 Jeffrey Zhang , Dylan Small , Siyu Heng

Causal conclusions from observational studies may be sensitive to unmeasured confounding. In such cases, a sensitivity analysis is often conducted, which tries to infer the minimum amount of hidden biases or the minimum strength of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-03 Dongxiao Wu , Xinran Li

Joint misclassification of exposure and outcome variables can lead to considerable bias in epidemiological studies of causal exposure-outcome effects. In this paper, we present a new maximum likelihood based estimator for the marginal…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-16 Bas B. L. Penning de Vries , Maarten van Smeden , Rolf H. H. Groenwold

Causal inference on populations embedded in social networks poses technical challenges, since the typical no interference assumption frequently does not hold. Existing methods developed in the context of network interference rely upon the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-12 Vanessa McNealis , Erica E. M. Moodie , Nema Dean

We consider the problem of constructing bounds on the average treatment effect (ATE) when unmeasured confounders exist but have bounded influence. Specifically, we assume that omitted confounders could not change the odds of treatment for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-25 Jacob Dorn , Kevin Guo , Nathan Kallus

Weighting methods are popular tools for estimating causal effects; assessing their robustness under unobserved confounding is important in practice. In the following paper, we introduce a new set of sensitivity models called "variance-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-14 Melody Huang , Samuel D. Pimentel

Omitted variable bias can affect treatment effect estimates obtained from observational data due to the lack of random assignment to treatment groups. Sensitivity analyses adjust these estimates to quantify the impact of potential omitted…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-10 Carrie A. Hosman , Ben B. Hansen , Paul W. Holland

We provide novel bounds on average treatment effects (on the treated) that are valid under an unconfoundedness assumption. Our bounds are designed to be robust in challenging situations, for example, when the conditioning variables take on…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-12 Sokbae Lee , Martin Weidner