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Hot accretion flows contain collisionless plasmas that are believed to be capable of accelerating particles to very high energies, as a result of turbulence generated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We conduct unstratified…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-14 Xiaochen Sun , Xue-Ning Bai

The relativistic equilibrium velocity distribution coincides with the Maxwellian distribution for small velocities and vanishes at c, the velocity of light. Based on the decay pattern of high-energy tail in the relativistic equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jian-Miin Liu

We revisit effective scenarios for the origin of heavy tails in stationary velocity distributions. A first analysis combines localization with diffusive acceleration. That gets realized in space plasmas to find the so-called…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-24 Thibaut Demaerel , Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

Strong non-relativistic shocks are known to accelerate particles up to relativistic energies. However, for Diffusive Shock Acceleration electrons must have a highly suprathermal energy, implying a need for very efficient pre-acceleration.…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Karol Fulat , Artem Bohdan , Gabriel Torralba Paz , Martin Pohl

In fusion reactions, the Coulomb barrier selects particles from the high-momentum part of the distribution. Therefore, small variations of the high-momentum tail of the velocity distribution can produce strong effects on fusion rates. In…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Massimo Coraddu , Marcello Lissia , Giuseppe Mezzorani , Piero Quarati

We study a two-dimensional granular system where external driving force is applied to each particle in the system in such a way that the system is driven into a steady state by balancing the energy input and the dissipation due to inelastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-30 Gongwen Peng , Takao Ohta

Strong magnetically dominated Alfv\'enic turbulence is an efficient engine of non-thermal particle acceleration in a relativistic collisionless plasma. We argue that in the limit of strong magnetization, the type of energy distribution…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Cristian Vega , Stanislav Boldyrev , Vadim Roytershteyn

Stochastic heating refers to an increase in the average magnetic moment of charged particles interacting with electromagnetic fluctuations whose frequencies are smaller than the particles' cyclotron frequencies. This type of heating arises…

Due to its ubiquitous presence, turbulence is often invoked to explain the origin of nonthermal particles in astrophysical sources of high-energy emission. With particle-in-cell simulations, we study decaying turbulence in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-21 Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi

Diffusion of particles in velocity space undergoing turbulent field was extensively studied in the problem of warm beam relaxation. Under low field intensities the diffusion is described by the Fokker-Planck equation with the diffusion…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anatoly Zagorodny , Volodymyr Zasenko , Jan Weiland

We consider stochastic particle acceleration in plasmas around stellar mass black holes to explain the emissions above 1 MeV from Galactic black hole candidates. We show that for certain parameter regimes, electrons can overcome Coulomb…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Hui Li , Masaaki Kusunose , Edison Liang

We use 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the effect of the saturated whistler instability on the viscous heating and nonthermal acceleration of electrons in a shearing, collisionless plasma with a growing magnetic field,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-06 Mario Riquelme , Alvaro Osorio , Eliot Quataert

Observational evidence in space and astrophysical plasmas with long collisional mean free path suggests that more massive charged particles may be preferentially heated. One possible mechanism for this is the turbulent cascade of energy…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-01-15 M. Barnes , P. Abiuso , W. Dorland

It is shown that preferential concentrations of inertial (finite-size) particle suspensions in turbulent flows follow from the dissipative nature of their dynamics. In phase space, particle trajectories converge toward a dynamical fractal…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jeremie Bec

We present numerical modelling of particle acceleration at coronal shocks propagating through a streamer-like magnetic field by solving the Parker transport equation with spatial diffusion both along and across the magnetic field. We show…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-25 Xiangliang Kong , Fan Guo , Yao Chen , Joe Giacalone

We take stock of recent observations that identify the episodic plasma heating and injection of Alfvenic energy at the base of fast solar wind (in coronal holes). The plasma heating is associated with the occurrence of chromospheric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Scott W. McIntosh

Winds from massive stars have velocities of 1000 km/s or more, and produce hot, high pressure gas when they shock. We develop a theory for the evolution of bubbles driven by the collective winds from star clusters early in their lifetimes,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-30 Lachlan Lancaster , Eve C. Ostriker , Jeong-Gyu Kim , Chang-Goo Kim

Observations show that plasma particles in the solar wind frequently display power-law velocity distributions, which can be isotropic or anisotropic. Particularly, the velocity distribution functions of solar wind electrons are frequently…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-11-30 S. F. Tigik , L. T. Petruzzellis , L. F. Ziebell , P. H. Yoon , R. Gaelzer

The important characteristic of turbulent reconnection is that it combines large scale magnetic disturbances $(\delta B/B \sim 1)$ with randomly distributed Unstable Current Sheets (UCSs). Many well known non linear MHD structures (strong…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-24 Theophilos Pisokas , Loukas Vlahos , Heinz Isliker

We study particle acceleration in strongly turbulent pair plasmas using novel 3D Particle-in-Cell simulations, featuring particle injection from an external heat bath and diffusive escape. We demonstrate the formation of steady-state,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-10 Evgeny A. Gorbunov , Daniel Grošelj , Fabio Bacchini