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Space weather events may cause damage to several fields, including aviation, satellites, oil and gas industries, and electrical systems, leading to economic and commercial losses. Solar flares are one of the most significant events, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-25 T. Cinto , A. L. S. Gradvohl , G. P. Coelho , A. E. A. da Silva

Solar flares are extremely energetic phenomena in our Solar System. Their impulsive, often drastic radiative increases, in particular at short wavelengths, bring immediate impacts that motivate solar physics and space weather research to…

Solar flares, as one of the most prominent manifestations of solar activity, have a profound impact on both the Earth's space environment and human activities. As a result, accurate solar flare prediction has emerged as a central topic in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mingfu Shao , Suo Liu , Haiqing Xu , Peng Jia , Hui Wang , Liyue Tong , Yang Bai , Chen Yang , Yuyang Li , Nan Li , Jiaben Lin

Solar flares produce radiation which can have an almost immediate effect on the near-Earth environment, making it crucial to forecast flares in order to mitigate their negative effects. The number of published approaches to flare…

Accurate and reliable solar flare predictions are essential to mitigate potential impacts on critical infrastructure. However, the current performance of solar flare forecasting is insufficient. In this study, we address the task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yusuke Takagi , Shunya Nagashima , Komei Sugiura

One essential component of operational space weather forecasting is the prediction of solar flares. With a multitude of flare forecasting methods now available online it is still unclear which of these methods performs best, and none are…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Jordan A. Guerra , Sophie A. Murray , D. Shaun Bloomfield , Peter T. Gallagher

Solar flares create adverse space weather impacting space and Earth-based technologies. However, the difficulty of forecasting flares, and by extension severe space weather, is accentuated by the lack of any unique flare trigger or a single…

Machine learning is nowadays the methodology of choice for flare forecasting and supervised techniques, in both their traditional and deep versions, are becoming the most frequently used ones for prediction in this area of space weather.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Anna Maria Massone , Michele Piana

Solar flares are among the most powerful and dynamic events in the solar system, resulting from the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the Sun's atmosphere. These energetic bursts of electromagnetic radiation can release up to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Julia Bringewald

Solar flares are the most explosive phenomena in the solar system and the main trigger of the events' chain that starts from Coronal Mass Ejections and leads to geomagnetic storms with possible impacts on the infrastructures at Earth.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Chiara Curletto , Paolo Massa , Valeria Tagliafico , Cristina Campi , Federico Benvenuto , Michele Piana , Andrea Tacchino

High energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections have the potential to destroy Earth's ground and satellite infrastructures, causing trillions of dollars in damage and mass human suffering. Destruction of these critical systems would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Erik Larsen

Machine learning models for forecasting solar flares have been trained and evaluated using a variety of data sources, including Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) operational and science-quality data. Typically, data from these sources…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-02 Ke Hu , Kevin Jin , Victor Verma , Weihao Liu , Ward Manchester , Lulu Zhao , Tamas Gombosi , Yang Chen

Automated forecasts serve important role in space weather science, by providing statistical insights to flare-trigger mechanisms, and by enabling tailor-made forecasts and high-frequency forecasts. Only by realtime forecast we can…

Current solar flare predictions often lack precise quantification of their reliability, resulting in frequent false alarms, particularly when dealing with datasets skewed towards extreme events. To improve the trustworthiness of space…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jinsu Hong , Chetraj Pandey , Berkay Aydin

Solar flares are among the most severe space weather phenomena, and they have the capacity to generate radiation storms and radio disruptions on Earth. The accurate prediction of solar flare events remains a significant challenge, requiring…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Vysakh P. A. , Prateek Mayank

We present a case study of solar flare forecasting by means of metadata feature time series, by treating it as a prominent class-imbalance and temporally coherent problem. Taking full advantage of pre-flare time series in solar active…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Azim Ahmadzadeh , Berkay Aydin , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Dustin J. Kempton , Sushant S. Mahajan , Rafal A. Angryk

Accurate and reliable predictions of solar flares are essential due to their potentially significant impact on Earth and space-based infrastructure. Although deep learning models have shown notable predictive capabilities in this domain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Temitope Adeyeha , Chetraj Pandey , Berkay Aydin

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of machine-learning methods for predicting solar flares. Initial efforts along these lines employed comparatively simple models, correlating features extracted from observations of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Varad Deshmukh , Srinivas Baskar , Elizabeth Bradley , Thomas Berger , James D. Meiss

This work explores the impacts of magnetogram projection effects on machine learning-based solar flare forecasting models. Utilizing a methodology proposed by Falconer et al. (2016), we correct for projection effects present in Georgia…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Griffin T. Goodwin , Viacheslav M. Sadykov , Petrus C. Martens

The issue of predicting solar flares is one of the most fundamental in physics, addressing issues of plasma physics, high-energy physics, and modelling of complex systems. It also poses societal consequences, with our ever-increasing need…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 R. T. James McAteer , Peter T. Gallagher , Paul A. Conlon
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