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Related papers: Classical proofs of quantum knowledge

200 papers

We present two protocols for classical verification of quantum depth. Our protocols allow a purely classical verifier to distinguish devices with different quantum circuit depths even in the presence of classical computation. We show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Nai-Hui Chia , Shih-Han Hung

We propose a decision procedure for analysing security of quantum cryptographic protocols, combining a classical algebraic rewrite system for knowledge with an operational semantics for quantum distributed computing. As a test case, we use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-08-28 Ellie D'Hondt , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

We define the notion of a classical commitment scheme to quantum states, which allows a quantum prover to compute a classical commitment to a quantum state, and later open each qubit of the state in either the standard or the Hadamard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Sam Gunn , Yael Tauman Kalai , Anand Natarajan , Agi Villanyi

The traditional definition of quantum zero-knowledge stipulates that the knowledge gained by any quantum polynomial-time verifier in an interactive protocol can be simulated by a quantum polynomial-time algorithm. One drawback of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Prabhanjan Ananth , Alex B. Grilo

Secure two-party computation considers the problem of two parties computing a joint function of their private inputs without revealing anything beyond the output. In this work, we consider the setting where the two parties (a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-31 Michele Ciampi , Alexandru Cojocaru , Elham Kashefi , Atul Mantri

In a recent breakthrough, Mahadev constructed an interactive protocol that enables a purely classical party to delegate any quantum computation to an untrusted quantum prover. In this work, we show that this same task can in fact be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Gorjan Alagic , Andrew M. Childs , Alex B. Grilo , Shih-Han Hung

A proof of quantumness is an efficiently verifiable interactive test that an efficient quantum computer can pass, but all efficient classical computers cannot (under some cryptographic assumption). Such protocols play a crucial role in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Petia Arabadjieva , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Victor Gitton , Tony Metger

Knowledge extraction, typically studied in the classical setting, is at the heart of several cryptographic protocols. We introduce the notion of secure quantum extraction protocols. A secure quantum extraction protocol for an NP relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-28 Prabhanjan Ananth , Rolando L. La Placa

We study the notion of zero-knowledge secure against quantum polynomial-time verifiers (referred to as quantum zero-knowledge) in the concurrent composition setting. Despite being extensively studied in the classical setting, concurrent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Prabhanjan Ananth , Kai-Min Chung , Rolando L. La Placa

Bob has a black box that emits a single pure state qudit which is, from his perspective, uniformly distributed. Alice wishes to give Bob evidence that she has knowledge about the emitted state while giving him little or no information about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Emily Adlam , Adrian Kent

A central challenge in data security is not just preventing theft, but detecting whether it has occurred. Classically, this is impossible because a perfect copy leaves no evidence. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, forbids general…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Vipul Goyal , Justin Raizes

Prior work has established that all problems in NP admit classical zero-knowledge proof systems, and under reasonable hardness assumptions for quantum computations, these proof systems can be made secure against quantum attacks. We prove a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-09 Anne Broadbent , Zhengfeng Ji , Fang Song , John Watrous

With the rapid advances in quantum computer architectures and the emerging prospect of large-scale quantum memory, it is becoming essential to classically verify that remote devices genuinely allocate the promised quantum memory with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Minki Hhan , Tomoyuki Morimae , Yasuaki Okinaka , Takashi Yamakawa

Existing protocols for classical verification of quantum computation (CVQC) consume the prover's witness state, requiring a new witness state for each invocation. Because QMA witnesses are not generally clonable, destroying the input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Yael Tauman Kalai , Dakshita Khurana , Justin Raizes

A well-known feature of quantum information is that it cannot, in general, be cloned. Recently, a number of quantum-enabled information-processing tasks have demonstrated various forms of uncloneability; among these forms, piracy is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 Anne Broadbent , Alex B. Grilo , Supartha Podder , Jamie Sikora

We propose to analyse quantum protocols by applying formal verification techniques developed in classical computing for the analysis of communicating concurrent systems. One area of successful application of these techniques is that of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Simon Gay

On-demand authentication is critical for scalable quantum systems, yet current approaches require the signer to initiate communication, creating unnecessary overhead. We introduce a new method where the verifier can request authentication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Wusheng Wang , Masahito Hayashi

The no-cloning theorem can be used as a basis for quantum money constructions which guarantee unconditionally unforgeable currency. Existing schemes, however, either (i) require long-term quantum memory and quantum communication between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Dmytro Gavinsky , Dar Gilboa , Siddhartha Jain , Dmitri Maslov , Jarrod R. McClean

We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

We propose and construct a quantum money scheme that allows verification through classical communication with a bank. This is the first demonstration that a secure quantum money scheme exists that does not require quantum communication for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Dmytro Gavinsky