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Many complex systems satisfy a set of constraints on their degrees of freedom, and at the same time, they are able to work and adapt to different conditions. Here, we describe the emergence of this ability in a simplified model in which the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Ginestra Bianconi , Roberto Mulet

We study an ensemble of diverse (inhomogeneous) thermostatically controlled loads aggregated to provide the demand response (DR) services in a district-level energy system. Each load in the ensemble is assumed to be equipped with a random…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-04 David Métivier , Ilia Luchnikov , Michael Chertkov

The integration of renewable generation poses operational and economic challenges for the electricity grid. For the core problem of power balance, the legacy paradigm of tailoring supply to follow random demand may be inappropriate under…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Ashutosh Nayyar , Matias Negrete-Pincetic , Kameshwar Poolla , Pravin Varaiya

Electric energy is difficult to store, requiring stricter control over its generation, transmission, and distribution. A persistent challenge in power systems is maintaining real-time equilibrium between electricity demand and supply.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Aurausp Maneshni

The concept of capacity value is widely used to quantify the contribution of additional generation (most notably renewables) within generation adequacy assessments. This paper surveys the existing probability theory of assessment of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-29 Chris Dent , Stan Zachary

This paper investigates fluid antenna systems (FASs) subject to finite-blocklength (FBL) constraints, motivated by the strict reliability-latency and ultra-massive connectivity requirements of future wireless networks. While FAS performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zhentian Zhang , Kai-Kit Wong , David Morales-Jimenez , Hao Jiang , Hao Xu , Christos Masouros , Zaichen Zhang , Chan-Byoung Chae

A market consisting of a generator with thermal and renewable generation capability, a set of non-preemptive loads (i.e., loads which cannot be interrupted once started), and an independent system operator (ISO) is considered. Loads are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Nathan Dahlin , Rahul Jain

This paper presents a data-driven, distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization method for estimating the real and reactive power controllability of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER). At the DER-level, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Mingzhi Zhang , Xiangqi Zhu , Ning Lu

We consider the problem of determining the optimal aggregate power consumption of a population of thermostatically controlled loads. This is motivated by the problem of synthesizing the demand response for a load serving entity (LSE)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-27 Abhishek Halder , Xinbo Geng , Fernando A. C. C. Fontes , P. R. Kumar , Le Xie

The aggregate flexibility region of distributed energy resources (DERs) quantifies the aggregate power shaping capabilities of DERs. It characterizes the distribution network's potential for wholesale market participation and grid service…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Feixiang Zhang , Hongyi Li , Bai Cui , Zhaoyu Wang

Distributed systems store data objects redundantly to balance the data access load over multiple nodes. Load balancing performance depends mainly on 1) the level of storage redundancy and 2) the assignment of data objects to storage nodes.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mehmet Aktas , Emina Soljanin

The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to…

The integration of distributed energy resources (DER) makes active distribution networks (ADNs) natural providers of flexibility services. However, the optimal operation of flexible units in ADNs is highly complex, which poses challenges…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Andrey Churkin , Wangwei Kong , Jose N. Melchor Gutierrez , Eduardo A. Martínez Ceseña , Pierluigi Mancarella

We study capacity accreditation of resource-colocated large loads, defined as large demands such as data center and manufacturing loads colocated with behind-the-meter generation and storage resources, synchronously connected to the bulk…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Siying Li , Lang Tong , Timothy D. Mount

Demand-side management provides a great potential for improving the efficiency and reliability of energy systems. This requires a mechanism to connect the market level and the demand side. The flexibility function is a novel approach that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Seyed Shahabaldin Tohidi , Tobias K. S. Ritschel , Georgios Tsaousoglou , Uffe Høgsbro Thygesen , Henrik Madsen

The growing integration of renewable and decentralized generation increases the need for flexibility in distribution systems. This flexibility, typically represented in a PQ capability curve, is constrained by network limits and topology.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Anton Hinneck

Load flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies. Thermostatically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-23 Alejandro Martín-Crespo , Sergio Saludes-Rodil , Enrique Baeyens

Phase balancing is essential to safe power system operation. We consider a substation connected to multiple phases, each with single-phase loads, generation, and energy storage. A representative of the substation operates the system and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-30 Sun Sun , Ben Liang , Min Dong , Joshua A. Taylor

We study a smart grid with wind power and battery storage. Traditionally, day-ahead planning aims to balance demand and wind power, yet actual wind conditions often deviate from forecasts. Short-term flexibility in storage and generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Thom S. Badings , Arnd Hartmanns , Nils Jansen , Marnix Suilen

Harnessing flexibility from distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in various markets while accounting for relevant technical and commercial constraints is essential for the development of low-carbon grids. However, there is no…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Shariq Riaz , Pierluigi Mancarella