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In this work, we perform unsupervised learning of representations by maximizing mutual information between an input and the output of a deep neural network encoder. Importantly, we show that structure matters: incorporating knowledge about…

We introduce the Mutual Information Machine (MIM), a probabilistic auto-encoder for learning joint distributions over observations and latent variables. MIM reflects three design principles: 1) low divergence, to encourage the encoder and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Micha Livne , Kevin Swersky , David J. Fleet

The integration of discrete algorithmic components in deep learning architectures has numerous applications. Recently, Implicit Maximum Likelihood Estimation (IMLE, Niepert, Minervini, and Franceschi 2021), a class of gradient estimators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Pasquale Minervini , Luca Franceschi , Mathias Niepert

Video Prediction is an interesting and challenging task of predicting future frames from a given set context frames that belong to a video sequence. Video prediction models have found prospective applications in Maneuver Planning, Health…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-18 P Aditya Sreekar , Ujjwal Tiwari , Anoop Namboodiri

Masked image generation (MIG) has demonstrated remarkable efficiency and high-fidelity images by enabling parallel token prediction. Existing methods typically rely solely on the model itself to learn semantic dependencies among visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Zhiyuan Wen , Zihao Han , Yunming Ye

With the success of self-supervised representations, researchers seek a better understanding of the information encapsulated within a representation. Among various interpretability methods, we focus on classification-based linear probing.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Kwanghee Choi , Jee-weon Jung , Shinji Watanabe

We show that reinforcement learning agents that learn by surprise (surprisal) get stuck at abrupt environmental transition boundaries because these transitions are difficult to learn. We propose a counter-intuitive solution that we call…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Haitao Xu , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Craig Atkinson

Recent advances in generative models have highlighted the need for robust detectors capable of distinguishing real images from AI-generated images. While existing methods perform well on known generators, their performance often declines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kuo Shi , Jie Lu , Shanshan Ye , Guangquan Zhang , Zhen Fang

The Mutual Reinforcement Effect (MRE) investigates the synergistic relationship between word-level and text-level classifications in text classification tasks. It posits that the performance of both classification levels can be mutually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Chengguang Gan , Xuzheng He , Qinghao Zhang , Tatsunori Mori

Computation of Mutual Information (MI) helps understand the amount of information shared between a pair of random variables. Automated feature selection techniques based on MI ranking are regularly used to extract information from sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Ankit Srivastava , Samira Pouyanfar , Joshua Allen , Ken Johnston , Qida Ma

Information Bottleneck (IB) based multi-view learning provides an information theoretic principle for seeking shared information contained in heterogeneous data descriptions. However, its great success is generally attributed to estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Xudong Tian , Zhizhong Zhang , Cong Wang , Wensheng Zhang , Yanyun Qu , Lizhuang Ma , Zongze Wu , Yuan Xie , Dacheng Tao

We point out a limitation of the mutual information neural estimation (MINE) where the network fails to learn at the initial training phase, leading to slow convergence in the number of training iterations. To solve this problem, we propose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Chung Chan , Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Hing Pang Huang , Michael Lim , Da Sun Handason Tam , Chao Zhao

Multimodal representation learning poses significant challenges in capturing informative and distinct features from multiple modalities. Existing methods often struggle to exploit the unique characteristics of each modality due to unified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Cam-Van Thi Nguyen , Ngoc-Hoa Thi Nguyen , Duc-Trong Le , Quang-Thuy Ha

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is a fundamental complex research problem due to the heterogeneity gap between different modalities and the ambiguity of human emotional expression. Although there have been many successful attempts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jiahao Zheng , Sen Zhang , Xiaoping Wang , Zhigang Zeng

We demonstrate that a popular class of nonparametric mutual information (MI) estimators based on k-nearest-neighbor graphs requires number of samples that scales exponentially with the true MI. Consequently, accurate estimation of MI…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-09 Shuyang Gao , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

We show state-of-the-art word representation learning methods maximize an objective function that is a lower bound on the mutual information between different parts of a word sequence (i.e., a sentence). Our formulation provides an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Lingpeng Kong , Cyprien de Masson d'Autume , Wang Ling , Lei Yu , Zihang Dai , Dani Yogatama

Mutual Information (MI) has been widely used as a loss regularizer for training neural networks. This has been particularly effective when learn disentangled or compressed representations of high dimensional data. However, differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Georg Pichler , Pierre Colombo , Malik Boudiaf , Günther Koliander , Pablo Piantanida

We propose a mutual information-based sufficient representation learning (MSRL) approach, which uses the variational formulation of the mutual information and leverages the approximation power of deep neural networks. MSRL learns a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-25 Siming Zheng , Yuanyuan Lin , Jian Huang

As reinforcement learning techniques are increasingly applied to real-world decision problems, attention has turned to how these algorithms use potentially sensitive information. We consider the task of training a policy that maximizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Chris Cundy , Rishi Desai , Stefano Ermon

Mutual information (MI) is a fundamental measure of statistical dependence, with a myriad of applications to information theory, statistics, and machine learning. While it possesses many desirable structural properties, the estimation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald