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Satellite-based remote sensing missions have revolutionized our understanding of the Ocean state and dynamics. Among them, space-borne altimetry provides valuable Sea Surface Height (SSH) measurements, used to estimate surface geostrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Theo Archambault , Arthur Filoche , Anastase Charantonis , Dominique Bereziat , Sylvie Thiria

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides two-dimensional sea surface height (SSH) maps at unprecedented resolution, but its signal is a combination of balanced meso- and submesoscale turbulence, unbalanced internal…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Jack William Skinner , Jörn Callies , Albion Lawrence , Xihan Zhang

Sea surface height (SSH) is a key geophysical parameter for monitoring and studying meso-scale surface ocean dynamics. For several decades, the mapping of SSH products at regional and global scales has relied on nadir satellite altimeters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Quentin Febvre , Clément Ubelmann , Julien Le Sommer , Ronan Fablet

Oceanic processes at fine scales are crucial yet difficult to observe accurately due to limitations in satellite and in-situ measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides high-resolution Sea Surface Height…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Eugenio Cutolo , Carlos Granero-Belinchon , Ptashanna Thiraux , Jinbo Wang , Ronan Fablet

A fundamental challenge in ocean dynamics is disentangling balanced motions and internal waves. Extracting internal tidal (IT) imprints from surface data is a central part of this challenge. Traditional harmonic analysis can fail under…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-29 Han Wang , Jeffrey Uncu , Kaushik Srinivasan , Nicolas Grisouard

The sea surface height (SSH) field measured by Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission's wide-swath altimeter is analyzed with a focus on submesoscale features. Along-track wavenumber spectra of SSH variance are estimated for the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Xihan Zhang , Jörn Callies

Knowledge of ocean circulation is important for understanding and predicting weather and climate, and managing the blue economy. This circulation can be estimated through Sea Surface Height (SSH) observations, but requires decomposing the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Jingwen Lyu , Yue Wang , Christian Pedersen , Spencer Jones , Dhruv Balwada

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential climate variable that can be measured via ground truth, remote sensing, or hybrid model methodologies. Here, we celebrate SST surveillance progress via the application of a few relevant…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-19 Albert Larson , Ali Shafqat Akanda

Computational intelligence-based ocean characteristics forecasting applications, such as Significant Wave Height (SWH) prediction, are crucial for avoiding social and economic loss in coastal cities. Compared to the traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Delong Chen , Fan Liu , Zheqi Zhang , Xiaomin Lu , Zewen Li

Due to the irregular space-time sampling of sea surface observations, the reconstruction of sea surface dynamics is a challenging inverse problem. While satellite altimetry provides a direct observation of the sea surface height (SSH),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Ronan Fablet , Quentin Febvre , Bertrand Chapron

We present an end-to-end deep learning framework for short-term forecasting of global sea surface dynamics based on sparse satellite altimetry data. Building on two state-of-the-art architectures: U-Net and 4DVarNet, originally developed…

Satellite altimetry is a unique way for direct observations of sea surface dynamics. This is however limited to the surface-constrained geostrophic component of sea surface velocities. Ageostrophic dynamics are however expected to be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-09 Ronan Fablet , Bertrand Chapron , Julien Le Sommer , Florian Sévellec

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reconstructions from satellite images affected by cloud gaps have been extensively documented in the past three decades. Here we describe several Machine Learning models to fill the cloud-occluded areas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Andrea Asperti , Ali Aydogdu , Angelo Greco , Fabio Merizzi , Pietro Miraglio , Beniamino Tartufoli , Alessandro Testa , Nadia Pinardi , Paolo Oddo

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are gravity waves that are often observed in the interior ocean rather than the surface. They hold significant importance due to their capacity to carry substantial energy, thus influence pollutant transport,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhang Wan , Shuo Wang , Xudong Zhang

While geostrophy remains the simplest and most practical balance to extract velocity information from sea-surface height anomaly (SSHa), confusions remain within the oceanographic community to what extent this balance can be applied to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Takaya Uchida , Badarvada Yadidya , Vadim Bertrand , Jia-Xian Chang , Brian Arbic , Jay Shriver , Julien Le Sommer

Satellite altimetry combined with data assimilation and optimal interpolation schemes have deeply renewed our ability to monitor sea surface dynamics. Recently, deep learning (DL) schemes have emerged as appealing solutions to address…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Quentin Febvre , Julien Le Sommer , Clément Ubelmann , Ronan Fablet

We investigate the performance of fully convolutional networks to simulate the motion and interaction of surface waves in open and closed complex geometries. We focus on a U-Net architecture and analyse how well it generalises to geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Mario Lino , Chris Cantwell , Stathi Fotiadis , Eduardo Pignatelli , Anil Bharath

Deep learning methods have surpassed the performance of traditional techniques on a wide range of problems in computer vision, but nearly all of this work has studied consumer photos, where precisely correct output is often not critical. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Mingze Xu , Chenyou Fan , John D Paden , Geoffrey C Fox , David J Crandall

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides two-dimensional observations of sea surface height (SSH) at unprecedented spatial resolution, enabling exploration of ocean variability down to scales of $O(10~\mathrm{ km})$.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Ryan Shìjié Dù , Momme Hell , Luc Lenain , Fabrice Ardhuin , A. B. Villas Bôas

The mapping of ocean floor layers is a current challenge for the oil industry. Existing solution methods involve mapping through seismic methods and wave inversion, which are complex and computationally expensive. The introduction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guilherme G. D. Fernandes , Vitor S. P. P. Oliveira , João P. I. Astolfo
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