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Microwave-to-optics transduction is emerging as a vital technology for scaling quantum computers and quantum networks. To establish useful entanglement links between qubit processing units, several key conditions have to be simultaneously…

We present a resonant electro-optic transducer for efficient conversion between microwave and telecom wavelength photons. Our platform employs a bulk lithium niobate crystal whose large dielectric constant creates wavelength-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mihir Khanna , Yang Hu , Thomas P. Purdy

Long distance transmission of quantum information is a central ingredient of distributed quantum information processors for both computing and secure communication. Transmission between superconducting/solid-state quantum processors…

We demonstrate conversion of up to 4.5 GHz-frequency microwaves to 1500 nm-wavelength light using optomechanical interactions on suspended thin-film lithium niobate. Our method utilizes an interdigital transducer that drives a free-standing…

Low-loss fiber optic links have the potential to connect superconducting quantum processors together over long distances to form large scale quantum networks. A key component of these future networks is a quantum transducer that coherently…

A quantum interface between microwave and optical photons is essential for entangling remote superconducting quantum processors. To preserve fragile quantum states, a transducer must operate efficiently while generating less than one photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Han Zhao , William David Chen , Abhishek Kejriwal , Mohammad Mirhosseini

Efficient and coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is crucial for a wide range of applications, from quantum information processing to microwave photonics and radar systems. However, existing conversion techniques rely…

Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 G. Arnold , M. Wulf , S. Barzanjeh , E. S. Redchenko , A. Rueda , W. J. Hease , F. Hassani , J. M. Fink

Emerging communications and computing technologies will rely ever-more on expanding the useful radio frequency (RF) spectrum into the sub-THz and THz frequency range. Both classical and quantum applications would benefit from advancing…

Modern communication networks require high performance and scalable electro-optic modulators that convert electrical signals to optical signals at high speed. Existing lithium niobate modulators have excellent performance but are bulky and…

Optics · Physics 2018-02-14 Cheng Wang , Mian Zhang , Brian Stern , Michal Lipson , Marko Loncar

Quantum transducers that can convert quantum signals from the microwave to the optical domain are a crucial optical interface for quantum information technology. Coherent microwave-to-optics conversions have been realized with various…

Frequency conversion between microwave and optical photons is a key enabling technology to create links between superconducting quantum processors and to realize distributed quantum networks. We propose a microwave-optical transduction…

Many technologies in quantum photonics require cryogenic conditions to operate. However, the underlying platform behind active components such as switches, modulators and phase shifters must be compatible with these operating conditions. To…

Coherent transduction of quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain can play a key role in quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. We present the design of a piezo-optomechanical device formed in a hybrid lithium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Piero Chiappina , Jash Banker , Srujan Meesala , David Lake , Steven Wood , Oskar Painter

The rapid development of quantum information processors has accelerated the demand for technologies that enable quantum networking. One promising approach uses mechanical resonators as an intermediary between microwave and optical fields.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-01-19 Igor Marinković , Maxwell Drimmer , Bas Hensen , Simon Gröblacher

Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons requires noise-free microwave-to-optical transducers, a technology currently not realized at the single-photon level. We propose to use four-wave-mixing in an ensemble of cold…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-07-15 Jacob P. Covey , Alp Sipahigil , Mark Saffman

Coherent interconversion between microwave and optical frequencies can serve as both classical and quantum interfaces for computing, communication, and sensing. Here, we present a compact microwave-optical transducer based on monolithic…

The successes of superconducting quantum circuits at local manipulation of quantum information and photonics technology at long-distance transmission of the same have spurred interest in the development of quantum transducers for efficient,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Marcelo Wu , Emil Zeuthen , Krishna Coimbatore Balram , Kartik Srinivasan

Scaling up superconducting quantum processors remains a central challenge for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Although distributed architectures based on optical photons offer a promising route to scalability, they require an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Kyosuke Goto , Hodaka Kurokawa , Hideo Kosaka , Kazuki Koshino

Efficient, low-noise, and high-bandwidth transduction between optical and microwave photons is key to long-range quantum communication between distant superconducting quantum processors. Recent demonstrations of microwave-optical…

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