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When answering a question, people often draw upon their rich world knowledge in addition to the particular context. Recent work has focused primarily on answering questions given some relevant document or context, and required very little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Alon Talmor , Jonathan Herzig , Nicholas Lourie , Jonathan Berant

While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Amrita Saha , Vardaan Pahuja , Mitesh M. Khapra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Sarath Chandar

We present TyDi QA-WANA, a question-answering dataset consisting of 28K examples divided among 10 language varieties of western Asia and northern Africa. The data collection process was designed to elicit information-seeking questions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Parker Riley , Siamak Shakeri , Waleed Ammar , Jonathan H. Clark

This paper proposes a novel training method to improve the robustness of Extractive Question Answering (EQA) models. Previous research has shown that existing models, when trained on EQA datasets that include unanswerable questions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Son Quoc Tran , Matt Kretchmar

Recent success of deep learning models for the task of extractive Question Answering (QA) is hinged on the availability of large annotated corpora. However, large domain specific annotated corpora are limited and expensive to construct. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Bhuwan Dhingra , Danish Pruthi , Dheeraj Rajagopal

Underlying data distributions of natural language, programming code, and mathematical symbols vary vastly, presenting a complex challenge for large language models (LLMs) that strive to achieve high performance across all three domains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Ning Ding , Yulin Chen , Ganqu Cui , Xingtai Lv , Weilin Zhao , Ruobing Xie , Bowen Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The ideal form of Visual Question Answering requires understanding, grounding and reasoning in the joint space of vision and language and serves as a proxy for the AI task of scene understanding. However, most existing VQA benchmarks are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Kang Chen , Xiangqian Wu

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly contributed to the development of equitable AI systems capable of factual question-answering (QA). However, no known study tests the LLMs' robustness when presented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shubhra Ghosh , Abhilekh Borah , Aditya Kumar Guru , Kripabandhu Ghosh

Understanding and reasoning about cooking recipes is a fruitful research direction towards enabling machines to interpret procedural text. In this work, we introduce RecipeQA, a dataset for multimodal comprehension of cooking recipes. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Semih Yagcioglu , Aykut Erdem , Erkut Erdem , Nazli Ikizler-Cinbis

We compare three new datasets for question answering: SQuAD 2.0, QuAC, and CoQA, along several of their new features: (1) unanswerable questions, (2) multi-turn interactions, and (3) abstractive answers. We show that the datasets provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Mark Yatskar

Question answering (QA) systems are designed to answer natural language questions. Visual QA (VQA) and Spoken QA (SQA) systems extend the textual QA system to accept visual and spoken input respectively. This work aims to create a system…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Nimrod Shabtay , Zvi Kons , Avihu Dekel , Hagai Aronowitz , Ron Hoory , Assaf Arbelle

We introduce a new reading comprehension dataset, dubbed MultiWikiQA, which covers 306 languages and has 1,220,757 samples in total. We start with Wikipedia articles, which also provide the context for the dataset samples, and use an LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Dan Saattrup Smart

Counting is a core capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet there is no unified counting dataset to rigorously evaluate this ability across image, text, and audio. We present UNICBench, a unified multimodal, multi level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenggang Rong , Tao Han , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yaowu Fan , Jia Wan , Song Guo , Yuan Yuan , Junyu Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in question answering (QA) tasks. However, Multi-Answer Question Answering (MAQA), where a question may have several valid answers, remains challenging. Traditional QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Eviatar Nachshoni , Arie Cattan , Shmuel Amar , Ori Shapira , Ido Dagan

Charts are very popular for analyzing data. When exploring charts, people often ask a variety of complex reasoning questions that involve several logical and arithmetic operations. They also commonly refer to visual features of a chart in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Ahmed Masry , Do Xuan Long , Jia Qing Tan , Shafiq Joty , Enamul Hoque

Obtaining training data for multi-hop question answering (QA) is time-consuming and resource-intensive. We explore the possibility to train a well-performed multi-hop QA model without referencing any human-labeled multi-hop question-answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , Wenhan Xiong , Min-Yen Kan , William Yang Wang

A question answering system that in addition to providing an answer provides an explanation of the reasoning that leads to that answer has potential advantages in terms of debuggability, extensibility and trust. To this end, we propose QED,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Matthew Lamm , Jennimaria Palomaki , Chris Alberti , Daniel Andor , Eunsol Choi , Livio Baldini Soares , Michael Collins

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Recent progress with LLM-based agents has shown promising results across various tasks. However, their use in answering questions from knowledge bases remains largely unexplored. Implementing a KBQA system using traditional methods is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chang Zong , Yuchen Yan , Weiming Lu , Jian Shao , Eliot Huang , Heng Chang , Yueting Zhuang

Benchmarks shape progress in AI research. A useful benchmark should be both difficult and realistic: questions should challenge frontier models while also reflecting real-world usage. Yet, current paradigms face a difficulty-realism…