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Motivated by the statistical description of turbulence, we study statistical conservation laws in the form of kinetic-type PDEs for joint probability density functions (PDFs) and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) associated with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Qian Huang , Christian Rohde

In this paper, the joint distribution of the sum and maximum of independent, not necessarily identically distributed, nonnegative random variables is studied for two cases: i) continuous and ii) discrete random variables. First, a recursive…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Christos N. Efrem

Supersonic turbulence occurs in many environments, particularly in astrophysics. In the crucial case of isothermal turbulence, the probability density function (PDF) of the logarithmic density, $s$, is well measured, but a theoretical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-31 Evan Scannapieco , Liubin Pan , Edward Buie , Marcus Brüggen

A considerable number of systems have recently been reported in which Brownian yet non-Gaussian dynamics was observed. These are processes characterised by a linear growth in time of the mean squared displacement, yet the probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-26 V. Sposini , A. V. Chechkin , F. Seno , G. Pagnini , R. Metzler

Both observational and theoretical research over the past decade has demonstrated that the probability distribution function (PDF) of the gas density in turbulent molecular clouds is a key ingredient for understanding star formation. It has…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-28 Bastian Körtgen , Christoph Federrath , Robi Banerjee

Analyzing and interpreting time-dependent stochastic data requires accurate and robust density estimation. In this paper we extend the concept of normalizing flows to so-called temporal Normalizing Flows (tNFs) to estimate time dependent…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-20 Gert-Jan Both , Remy Kusters

In this paper, we study the spherical cardioid distribution, a higher-dimensional and higher-order generalization of the circular cardioid distribution. This distribution is rotationally symmetric and generates unimodal, multimodal, axial,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-23 Eduardo García-Portugués

This research introduces a new constraint domain for reasoning about data with uncertainty. It extends convex modeling with the notion of p-box to gain additional quantifiable information on the data whereabouts. Unlike existing approaches,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-19 Aya Saad

Training time-series forecasting models requires aligning the conditional distribution of model forecasts with that of the label sequence. The standard direct forecast (DF) approach resorts to minimizing the conditional negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hao Wang , Licheng Pan , Yuan Lu , Zhixuan Chu , Xiaoxi Li , Shuting He , Zhichao Chen , Haoxuan Li , Qingsong Wen , Zhouchen Lin

Samples of dynamic or time-varying networks and other random object data such as time-varying probability distributions are increasingly encountered in modern data analysis. Common methods for time-varying data such as functional data…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Paromita Dubey , Hans-Georg Müller

We numerically study the volume density probability distribution function (n-PDF) and the column density probability distribution function (Sigma-PDF) resulting from thermally bistable turbulent flows. We analyze three-dimensional…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Adriana Gazol , Jongsoo Kim

In a search for the signature of turbulence in the diffuse interstellar medium in gas density distributions, we determined the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the average volume densities of the diffuse gas. The densities were…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. M. Berkhuijsen , A. Fletcher

The one-point probability distribution function (pdf) of the large-scale density field is an important tool to follow the evolution of cosmological structures. In this paper we present a new model for this pdf for all regimes and all…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Patrick Valageas , Dipak Munshi

Conditional density estimation (CDE) is a fundamental task in machine learning that aims to model the full conditional law $\mathbb{P}(\mathbf{y} \mid \mathbf{x})$, beyond mere point prediction (e.g., mean, mode). A core challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Chenglong Song , Mazharul Islam , Lin Wang , Bing Chen , Bo Yang

Context: Statistical properties of the cosmic density fields are to a large extent encoded in the shape of the one-point density probability distribution functions (PDF). In order to successfully exploit such observables, a detailed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Francis Bernardeau

Several general trends have been identified for equilibrated, self-gravitating collisionless systems, such as density or anisotropy profiles. These are integrated quantities which naturally depend on the underlying velocity distribution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Steen H. Hansen , Ben Moore , Marcel Zemp , Joachim Stadel

This paper proposes a comprehensive and unprecedented framework that streamlines the derivation of exact, compact -- yet tractable -- solutions for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Fernando Darío Almeida García , Michel Daoud Yacoub , José Cândido Silveira Santos Filho

Recent innovations in diffusion probabilistic models have paved the way for significant progress in image, text and audio generation, leading to their applications in generative time series forecasting. However, leveraging such abilities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuansan Liu , Sudanthi Wijewickrema , Dongting Hu , Christofer Bester , Stephen O'Leary , James Bailey

The noncentral $t$-distribution is a generalization of the Student's $t$-distribution. In this paper we suggest an alternative approach for computing the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the noncentral $t$-distribution which is…

Computation · Statistics 2014-10-24 Viktor Witkovsky

.Stochastic models based on random diffusivities, such as the diffusing-diffusivity approach, are popular concepts for the description of non-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous media. Studies of these models typically focus on the moments…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-08-26 V. Sposini , D. S. Grebenkov , R. Metzler , G. Oshanin , F. Seno