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Natural language explanations play a fundamental role in Natural Language Inference (NLI) by revealing how premises logically entail hypotheses. Recent work has shown that the interaction of large language models (LLMs) with theorem provers…
Formal theorem proving with TLA+ provides rigorous guarantees for system specifications, but constructing proofs requires substantial expertise and effort. While large language models have shown promise in automating proofs for tactic-based…
State reduction of finite automata plays a significant role in improving efficiency in formal verification, pattern recognition, and machine learning, where automata-based models are widely used. While deterministic automata have…
We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high-level constructs, such as…
In this paper we give automata-based representation of LTL-FO$^+$ properties. LTL-FO$^+$ is an extension of LTL that includes first-order quantification over bounded variable, thus greatly increasing the expressivity of the language. An…
We present a framework for obtaining effective characterizations of simple fragments of future temporal logic (LTL) with the natural numbers as time domain. The framework is based on a form of strongly unambiguous automata, also known as…
We introduce a weighted linear dynamic logic (weighted LDL for short) and show the expressive equivalence of its formulas to weighted rational expressions. This adds a new characterization for recognizable series to the fundamental…
In the classical synthesis problem, we are given an LTL formula psi over sets of input and output signals, and we synthesize a transducer that realizes psi. One weakness of automated synthesis in practice is that it pays no attention to the…
Logics and automata models for languages over infinite alphabets, such as Freeze LTL and register automata, serve the verification of processes or documents with data. They relate tightly to formalisms over nominal sets, such as…
We study the problem of determinizing $\omega$-automata whose acceptance condition is defined on the transitions using Boolean formulas, also known as transition-based Emerson-Lei automata (TELA). The standard approach to determinize TELA…
The syntactic calculus of Lambek is a deductive system for the multiplicative fragment of intuitionistic non-commutative linear logic. As a fine-grained calculus of resources, it has many applications, mostly in formal computational…
We propose regularization methods for linear models based on the $L_q$-likelihood, which is a generalization of the log-likelihood using a power function. Some heavy-tailed distributions are known as $q$-normal distributions. We find that…
Self-loop alternating automata (SLAA) with B\"uchi or co-B\"uchi acceptance are popular intermediate formalisms in translations of LTL to deterministic or nondeterministic automata. This paper considers SLAA with generic transition-based…
Language models (LMs) are often expected to generate strings in some formal language; for example, structured data, API calls, or code snippets. Although LMs can be tuned to improve their adherence to formal syntax, this does not guarantee…
While most approaches in formal methods address system correctness, ensuring robustness has remained a challenge. In this paper we present and study the logic rLTL which provides a means to formally reason about both correctness and…
Reasoning is a fundamentally algorithmic task. Yet current work on LLM-based reasoning relies on free-form generation whose theoretical guarantees (soundness, completeness, complexity, optimality) remain poorly understood. We argue that we…
In the past decade, many techniques have been developed to prove linearizability, the gold standard of correctness for concurrent data structures. Intuitively, linearizability requires that every operation on a concurrent data structure…
We study succinctness as a measure of the expressive power of transformers. Succinctness -- how compactly a formalism can describe a language relative to other formalisms -- is a classical notion in logic and automata theory. We prove that…
Urban and Bierman introduced a calculus of proof terms for the sequent calculus LK with a strongly normalizing reduction relation. We extend this calculus to simply-typed higher-order logic with inferences for induction and equality, albeit…
Combining the effect of an intermediate renormalization prescription (zero momentum subtraction) and the background field method (BFM), we show that the algebraic renormalization procedure needed for the computation of radiative corrections…