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Tree ensembles are very popular machine learning models, known for their effectiveness in supervised classification and regression tasks. Their performance derives from aggregating predictions of multiple decision trees, which are renowned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Lorenzo Bonasera , Emilio Carrizosa

Logical rules are a popular knowledge representation language in many domains, representing background knowledge and encoding information that can be derived from given facts in a compact form. However, rule formulation is a complex process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Cristina Cornelio , Veronika Thost

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various challenging tasks. However, the black-box nature of such networks is not acceptable to critical applications, such as healthcare. In particular, the existence of adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Shaeke Salman , Seyedeh Neelufar Payrovnaziri , Xiuwen Liu , Pablo Rengifo-Moreno , Zhe He

Predicting rare outcomes such as startup success is central to venture capital, demanding models that are both accurate and interpretable. We introduce Random Rule Forest (RRF), a lightweight ensemble method that uses a large language model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ben Griffin , Diego Vidaurre , Ugur Koyluoglu , Joseph Ternasky , Fuat Alican , Yigit Ihlamur

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

In critical situations involving discrimination, gender inequality, economic damage, and even the possibility of casualties, machine learning models must be able to provide clear interpretations for their decisions. Otherwise, their obscure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Reinforcement learning policies are typically represented by black-box neural networks, which are non-interpretable and not well-suited for safety-critical domains. To address both of these issues, we propose constrained normalizing flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Finn Rietz , Erik Schaffernicht , Stefan Heinrich , Johannes A. Stork

This paper proposes a new paradigm for learning a set of independent logical rules in disjunctive normal form as an interpretable model for classification. We consider the problem of learning an interpretable decision rule set as training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Litao Qiao , Weijia Wang , Bill Lin

Tree-ensemble algorithms, such as random forest, are effective machine learning methods popular for their flexibility, high performance, and robustness to overfitting. However, since multiple learners are combined, they are not as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Klest Dedja , Felipe Kenji Nakano , Konstantinos Pliakos , Celine Vens

Random forest is a popular prediction approach for handling high dimensional covariates. However, it often becomes infeasible to interpret the obtained high dimensional and non-parametric model. Aiming for obtaining an interpretable…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-12 Jasper Velthoen , Juan-Juan Cai , Geurt Jongbloed

In this paper, we develop a new sequential regression modeling approach for data streams. Data streams are commonly found around us, e.g in a retail enterprise sales data is continuously collected every day. A demand forecasting model is an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-11 Chitta Ranjan , Samaneh Ebrahimi , Kamran Paynabar

The lack of interpretability and transparency are preventing economists from using advanced tools like neural networks in their empirical research. In this paper, we propose a class of interpretable neural network models that can achieve…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-01 Yucheng Yang , Zhong Zheng , Weinan E

Interpretable classification models are built with the purpose of providing a comprehensible description of the decision logic to an external oversight agent. When considered in isolation, a decision tree, a set of classification rules, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Riccardo Guidotti , Salvatore Ruggieri

Machine learning solutions for pattern classification problems are nowadays widely deployed in society and industry. However, the lack of transparency and accountability of most accurate models often hinders their safe use. Thus, there is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Gonzalo Nápoles , Yamisleydi Salgueiro , Isel Grau , Maikel Leon Espinosa

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated its ability to solve high dimensional tasks by leveraging non-linear function approximators. However, these successes are mostly achieved by 'black-box' policies in simulated domains. When…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Riad Akrour , Davide Tateo , Jan Peters

Decision trees are popular in survival analysis for their interpretability and ability to model complex relationships. Survival trees, which predict the timing of singular events using censored historical data, are typically built through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Antonio Consolo , Edoardo Amaldi , Emilio Carrizosa

Prediction of a machine's Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is one of the key tasks in predictive maintenance. The task is treated as a regression problem where Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to predict the RUL of machine components.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Talhat Khan , Kashif Ahmad , Jebran Khan , Imran Khan , Nasir Ahmad

Random forests (RFs) are among the most popular supervised learning algorithms due to their nonlinear flexibility and ease-of-use. However, as black box models, they can only be interpreted via algorithmically-defined feature importance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Abhineet Agarwal , Ana M. Kenney , Yan Shuo Tan , Tiffany M. Tang , Bin Yu

In this work, we propose a simple but effective method to interpret black-box machine learning models globally. That is, we use a compact binary tree, the interpretation tree, to explicitly represent the most important decision rules that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Chengliang Yang , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka