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Voice-controlled dialog systems have become immensely popular due to their ability to perform a wide range of actions in response to diverse user queries. These agents possess a predefined set of skills or intents to fulfill specific user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ankan Mullick , Sukannya Purkayastha , Saransh Sharma , Pawan Goyal , Niloy Ganguly

Despite that current reading comprehension systems have achieved significant advancements, their promising performances are often obtained at the cost of making an ensemble of numerous models. Besides, existing approaches are also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Minghao Hu , Yuxing Peng , Furu Wei , Zhen Huang , Dongsheng Li , Nan Yang , Ming Zhou

Self-Taught Reasoners (STaR), synonymously known as Rejection sampling Fine-Tuning (RFT), is an integral part of the training pipeline of self-improving reasoning Language Models (LMs). The self-improving mechanism often employs random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Woosung Koh , Wonbeen Oh , Jaein Jang , MinHyung Lee , Hyeongjin Kim , Ah Yeon Kim , Joonkee Kim , Junghyun Lee , Taehyeon Kim , Se-Young Yun

We present a large-scale dataset, ReCoRD, for machine reading comprehension requiring commonsense reasoning. Experiments on this dataset demonstrate that the performance of state-of-the-art MRC systems fall far behind human performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Sheng Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Jingjing Liu , Jianfeng Gao , Kevin Duh , Benjamin Van Durme

Machine learning offers novel ways and means to design personalized learning systems wherein each student's educational experience is customized in real time depending on their background, learning goals, and performance to date. SPARse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-19 Andrew S. Lan , Christoph Studer , Andrew E. Waters , Richard G. Baraniuk

This paper presents a novel method to generate answers for non-extraction machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks whose answers cannot be simply extracted as one span from the given passages. Using a pointer network-style extractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Zhuosheng Zhang , Yiqing Zhang , Hai Zhao , Xi Zhou , Xiang Zhou

Advances in NLP have yielded impressive results for the task of machine reading comprehension (MRC), with approaches having been reported to achieve performance comparable to that of humans. In this paper, we investigate whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Viktor Schlegel , Goran Nenadic , Riza Batista-Navarro

We present a system for bottom-up cumulative learning of myriad concepts corresponding to meaningful character strings, and their part-related and prediction edges. The learning is self-supervised in that the concepts discovered are used as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Omid Madani

Task requirements (TRs) writing is an important question type in Key English Test and Preliminary English Test. A TR writing question may include multiple requirements and a high-quality essay must respond to each requirement thoroughly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Shiting Xu , Guowei Xu , Peilei Jia , Wenbiao Ding , Zhongqin Wu , Zitao Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become pivotal in leveraging vast corpora to generate informed and contextually relevant responses, notably reducing hallucinations in Large Language Models. Despite significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Aakash Mahalingam , Vinesh Kumar Gande , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Divya Chaudhary

Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MMRC) aims to select the correct answer from a set of options based on a given passage and question. Due to task specific of MMRC, it is non-trivial to transfer knowledge from other MRC tasks such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Jing Gong , Yahui Cheng , Peng Meng , Weiliang Lin , Zhibo Chen , Mu li

Owing to the continuous efforts by the Chinese NLP community, more and more Chinese machine reading comprehension datasets become available. To add diversity in this area, in this paper, we propose a new task called Sentence Cloze-style…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Ziqing Yang , Zhipeng Chen , Wentao Ma , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

The lack of labeled data is a major obstacle to learning high-quality sentence embeddings. Recently, self-supervised contrastive learning (SCL) is regarded as a promising way to address this problem. However, the existing works mainly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Junhan Yang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Jianxun Lian , Lijun Wu , Defu Lian , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

Reasoning benchmarks such as the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and ARC-AGI are widely used to assess progress in artificial intelligence and are often interpreted as probes of core, so-called ``fluid'' reasoning abilities. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhe Wang , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Tianhao Wang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Machine Comprehension (MC) is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing field, which aims to guide the machine to comprehend a passage and answer the given question. Many existing approaches on MC task are suffering the inefficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Zheqian Chen , Rongqin Yang , Bin Cao , Zhou Zhao , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

Thanks to information extraction and semantic Web efforts, search on unstructured text is increasingly refined using semantic annotations and structured knowledge bases. However, most users cannot become familiar with the schema of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Uma Sawant , Soumen Chakrabarti

Automated answer grading is a critical challenge in educational technology, with the potential to streamline assessment processes, ensure grading consistency, and provide timely feedback to students. However, existing approaches are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Masoud Safilian , Amin Beheshti , Stephen Elbourn

We present an accurate and interpretable method for answer extraction in machine reading comprehension that is reminiscent of case-based reasoning (CBR) from classical AI. Our method (CBR-MRC) builds upon the hypothesis that contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dung Thai , Dhruv Agarwal , Mudit Chaudhary , Wenlong Zhao , Rajarshi Das , Manzil Zaheer , Jay-Yoon Lee , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Andrew McCallum

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Yuhang Liu , Bing Hao , Yumeng Lin , Jialu Wang , Ruijie Wang

This paper presents an extension of the Stochastic Answer Network (SAN), one of the state-of-the-art machine reading comprehension models, to be able to judge whether a question is unanswerable or not. The extended SAN contains two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Xiaodong Liu , Wei Li , Yuwei Fang , Aerin Kim , Kevin Duh , Jianfeng Gao