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The thermodynamics of hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collision experiments are usually studied as a system of infinite volume. Here we report on possible effects for considering a finite system size for such matter in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-16 Abhijit Bhattacharyya , Rajarshi Ray , Subhasis Samanta , Subrata Sur

In this work we study the temperature dependence of the equilibrium variance of critical fluctuations near the QCD critical point. In particular, we take the finite size of the fireball created in heavy-ion collisions into account and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-06-07 Moussa Agah Nouhou , Marcus Bluhm , Anna Borer , Marlene Nahrgang , Taklit Sami , Nathan Touroux

We derive the relation between cumulants of a conserved charge measured in a subvolume of a thermal system and the corresponding grand-canonical susceptibilities, taking into account exact global conservation of that charge. The derivation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-04 Volodymyr Vovchenko , Oleh Savchuk , Roman V. Poberezhnyuk , Mark I. Gorenstein , Volker Koch

Fluctuations may govern the fate of an interacting particle system even on the mean-field level. This is demonstrated via a three species cyclic trapping reaction with a large, yet finite number of particles, where the final number of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , P. L. Krapivsky

The search for the QCD critical end point (CEP) is a major objective of contemporary heavy-ion physics, motivating the study of fluctuation observables that are sensitive to critical dynamics. In particular, baryon-number fluctuations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-18 Athanasios Brofas , Fotios K. Diakonos

An investigation of the spatial fluctuations and their manifestations in the vicinity of the quantum critical point within the framework of the renormalized $\phi^{4}$ theory is proposed. Relevant features are reported through the…

An effective model is introduced to illustrate finite volume effects beyond the usual momentum space constraints. The fluctuations of the chiral order parameter and the net baryon number, as well as their scaling properties, are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-29 Győző Kovács , Pok Man Lo , Krzysztof Redlich , Chihiro Sasaki

Subensemble is a type of statistical ensemble which is the generalization of grand canonical and canonical ensembles. The subensemble acceptance method (SAM) provides general formulas to correct the cumulants of distributions in heavy-ion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-22 Roman V. Poberezhnyuk , Volodymyr Vovchenko , Oleh Savchuk , Volker Koch , Mark I. Gorenstein , Horst Stoecker

Finite volume corrections to higher moments are important observable quantities. They make possible to differentiate between different statistical ensembles even in the thermodynamic limit. It is shown that this property is a universal one.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-11 Ludwik Turko

We investigate the effect of a finite volume on the critical behavior of the theory of the strong interaction (QCD) by means of a quark-meson model for two quark flavors. In particular, we analyze the effect of a finite volume on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-09-17 Ralf-Arno Tripolt , Jens Braun , Bertram Klein , Bernd-Jochen Schaefer

We investigate the effect of the global charge conservation on the cumulants of conserved charges observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions in a finite rapidity window, $\Delta\eta$, with a special emphasis on the time evolution of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 Miki Sakaida , Masayuki Asakawa , Masakiyo Kitazawa

Finite size fluctuations are a crucial ingredient in kinetic theory of long-range interacting collisionless systems. In this Letter, we introduce a phenomenological theory which predicts an anomalous scaling close to marginal stability for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-19 Yoshiyuki Y. Yamaguchi , Julien Barré

In an adiabatically shielded system the total enthalpy is conserved. Enthalpy fluctuations of an arbitrarily chosen subsystem must be buffered by the remainder of the total system which serves as a heat reservoir. The magnitude of these…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Lars D. Mosgaard , Andrew D. Jackson , Thomas Heimburg

We report the higher order cumulants and their ratios for baryon, charge and strangeness multiplicity in canonical and grand-canonical ensembles in ideal thermal model including all the resonances. When the number of conserved quanta is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-02-11 P. Garg , D. K. Mishra , P. K. Netrakanti , A. K. Mohanty

We investigate the effect of the global charge conservation on the cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions in a finite rapidity window by studying the time evolution of cumulants in the hadronic medium. It is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Miki Sakaida , Masayuki Asakawa , Masakiyo Kitazawa

In this work we analyze how effects of finite size may modify the thermodynamics of a system of strongly interacting fermions that we model using an effective field theory with four-point interactions at finite temperature and density and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Antonino Flachi

We discuss various measures of net charge (conserved quantities) fluctuations proposed for the identification of critical phenomena in heavy ion collisions. We show the dynamical component of fluctuations of the net charge can be expressed…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-07 C. Pruneau , S. Gavin , S. Voloshin

In order to compare theoretical calculations of thermal fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as charge susceptibilities or the specific heat, to experimentally measured correlations and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, one must…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-31 Scott Pratt , Clint Young

The experimental search for the QCD critical point by means of relativistic heavy-ion collisions necessitates the development of dynamical models of fluctuations. In this work we study the fluctuations of the net-baryon density near the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-11-25 Marlene Nahrgang , Marcus Bluhm

We investigate the impact of the finite volume and the thermal fluctuations on the Critical End Point of the QCD phase diagram. To do so, we implement the super statistics framework with Gamma, $F$, and log-normal distributions and their…

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