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Recent work in language modeling demonstrates that training large transformer models advances the state of the art in Natural Language Processing applications. However, very large models can be quite difficult to train due to memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Mohammad Shoeybi , Mostofa Patwary , Raul Puri , Patrick LeGresley , Jared Casper , Bryan Catanzaro

Recent work has shown evidence that the knowledge acquired by multilingual BERT (mBERT) has two components: a language-specific and a language-neutral one. This paper analyses the relationship between them, in the context of fine-tuning on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Marc Tanti , Lonneke van der Plas , Claudia Borg , Albert Gatt

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

Fine-tuning pre-trained foundation models has gained significant popularity in various research fields. Existing methods for fine-tuning can be roughly divided into two categories, namely Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning and High-Performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Peng Ye , Yongqi Huang , Chongjun Tu , Minglei Li , Tao Chen , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang

Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Saurabh Anand , Shubham Malaviya , Manish Shukla , Sachin Lodha

Fine-tuning pre-trained models for downstream tasks is a widely adopted technique known for its adaptability and reliability across various domains. Despite its conceptual simplicity, fine-tuning entails several troublesome engineering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chaeyun Jang , Hyungi Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Juho Lee

Transformer-based masked language models such as BERT, trained on general corpora, have shown impressive performance on downstream tasks. It has also been demonstrated that the downstream task performance of such models can be improved by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zhi Hong , Aswathy Ajith , Gregory Pauloski , Eamon Duede , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models has recently demonstrated remarkable achievements, effectively matching the performance of full fine-tuning while utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Baohao Liao , Yan Meng , Christof Monz

While large language models (LLMs) often adopt finetuning to unlock their capabilities for downstream applications, our understanding on the inductive biases (especially the scaling properties) of different finetuning methods is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , Colin Cherry , Orhan Firat

This paper delves into the pressing need in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs possess remarkable capabilities, their extensive parameter requirements and associated computational demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Chengyu Wang , Junbing Yan , Wei Zhang , Jun Huang

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) and related fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific tasks remains computationally expensive and risks degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Large Language Models have become the de facto approach to sequence-to-sequence text generation tasks, but for specialized tasks/domains, a pretrained LLM lacks specific capabilities to produce accurate or well-formatted responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller

Fine-tuning pretrained language models has shown promising results on a wide range of tasks, but when encountering a novel task, do they rely more on generic pretrained representation, or develop brand new task-specific solutions? Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Dongyan Lin

Large language models have recently surpassed specialized systems on code generation, yet their effectiveness on other code-analysis tasks remains less clear. At the same time, multi-task learning offers a way to unify diverse objectives…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Amal Akli , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Transformer-based large language models exhibit in-context learning, enabling adaptation to downstream tasks via few-shot prompting with demonstrations. In practice, such models are often fine-tuned to improve zero-shot performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chungpa Lee , Jy-yong Sohn , Kangwook Lee

Applying a pre-trained large model to downstream tasks is prohibitive under resource-constrained conditions. Recent dominant approaches for addressing efficiency issues involve adding a few learnable parameters to the fixed backbone model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yangyang Guo , Guangzhi Wang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods seek to adapt large neural models via updates to a small number of weights. However, much prior interpretability work has shown that representations encode rich semantic information, suggesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhengxuan Wu , Aryaman Arora , Zheng Wang , Atticus Geiger , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

Contemporary machine learning models, such as language models, are powerful, but come with immense resource requirements both at training and inference time. It has been shown that decoder-only language models can be trained to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jacob Nielsen , Lukas Galke , Peter Schneider-Kamp

Most large language models are fine-tuned using either expensive human-annotated data or GPT-4 generated data which cannot guarantee performance in certain domains. We argue that although the web-crawled data often has formatting errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jing Zhou , Chenglin Jiang , Wei Shen , Xiao Zhou , Xiaonan He

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao