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Recently, pre-trained language models mostly follow the pre-train-then-fine-tuning paradigm and have achieved great performance on various downstream tasks. However, since the pre-training stage is typically task-agnostic and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Yuxian Gu , Zhengyan Zhang , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Pre-training is crucial for large language models (LLMs), as it is when most representations and capabilities are acquired. However, natural language pre-training has problems: high-quality text is finite, it contains human biases, and it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Dan Lee , Seungwook Han , Akarsh Kumar , Pulkit Agrawal

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

For high-resource languages like English, text classification is a well-studied task. The performance of modern NLP models easily achieves an accuracy of more than 90% in many standard datasets for text classification in English (Xie et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Dawei Zhu , Michael A. Hedderich , Fangzhou Zhai , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Dietrich Klakow

Contextualized or discourse aware commonsense inference is the task of generating coherent commonsense assertions (i.e., facts) from a given story, and a particular sentence from that story. Some problems with the task are: lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Pedro Colon-Hernandez , Henry Lieberman , Yida Xin , Claire Yin , Cynthia Breazeal , Peter Chin

The intrinsic difficulty in adapting deep learning models to non-stationary environments limits the applicability of neural networks to real-world tasks. This issue is critical in practical supervised learning settings, such as the ones in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci , Tinne Tuytelaars

The advent of large-scale pre-trained language models has contributed greatly to the recent progress in natural language processing. Many state-of-the-art language models are first trained on a large text corpus and then fine-tuned on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Hang Hua , Xingjian Li , Dejing Dou , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Jiebo Luo

Plausibility Estimation (PE) plays a crucial role for enabling language models to objectively comprehend the real world. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in PE tasks but sometimes produce trivial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chong Liu , Zaiwen Feng , Lin Liu , Zhenyun Deng , Jiuyong Li , Ruifang Zhai , Debo Cheng , Li Qin

Fine-tuned pre-trained language models (LMs) have achieved enormous success in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they still require excessive labeled data in the fine-tuning stage. We study the problem of fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Yue Yu , Simiao Zuo , Haoming Jiang , Wendi Ren , Tuo Zhao , Chao Zhang

Recently, pretrained language models (e.g., BERT) have achieved great success on many downstream natural language understanding tasks and exhibit a certain level of commonsense reasoning ability. However, their performance on commonsense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Shiyang Li , Jianshu Chen , Dian Yu

Commonsense plausibility estimation is critical for evaluating language models (LMs), yet existing generative approaches--reliant on likelihoods or verbalized judgments--struggle with fine-grained discrimination. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wanqing Cui , Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Compared to other language tasks, applying pre-trained language models (PLMs) for search ranking often requires more nuances and training signals. In this paper, we identify and study the two mismatches between pre-training and ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Xiaomeng Hu , Shi Yu , Chenyan Xiong , Zhenghao Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Ge Yu

This paper proposes a new pre-training method, called Code-Switching Pre-training (CSP for short) for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Unlike traditional pre-training method which randomly masks some fragments of the input sentence, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Zhen Yang , Bojie Hu , Ambyera Han , Shen Huang , Qi Ju

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 have demonstrated a strong capability to generate coherent and contextually relevant text. However, amidst their successes, a crucial issue persists: their generated outputs still lack commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yufei Tian , Felix Zhang , Nanyun Peng

In this paper, we evaluate the capability of transformer-based language models in making inferences over uncertain text that includes uncertain rules of reasoning. We cover both Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and generative Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Multimodal Large Language Models advance multimodal representation learning by acquiring transferable semantic embeddings, thereby substantially enhancing performance across a range of vision-language tasks, including cross-modal retrieval,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Da Li , Yuxiao Luo , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Wei Yuan , Biao Yang , Yan Wang , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Commonsense generation is a challenging task of generating a plausible sentence describing an everyday scenario using provided concepts. Its requirement of reasoning over commonsense knowledge and compositional generalization ability even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Han Wang , Yang Liu , Chenguang Zhu , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Yichong Xu , Michael Zeng

Large-scale pretraining instills large amounts of knowledge in deep neural networks. This, in turn, improves the generalization behavior of these models in downstream tasks. What exactly are the limits to the generalization benefits of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-23 A. Emin Orhan

Representation learning for text via pretraining a language model on a large corpus has become a standard starting point for building NLP systems. This approach stands in contrast to autoencoders, also trained on raw text, but with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ivan Montero , Nikolaos Pappas , Noah A. Smith

Numerical reasoning over table-and-text hybrid passages, such as financial reports, poses significant challenges and has numerous potential applications. Noise and irrelevant variables in the model input have been a hindrance to its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Qianying Liu , Dongsheng Yang , Wenjie Zhong , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi