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A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics is in conflict with classical models in which the result of a measurement does not depend on which other…

The existence of incompatible measurements is often believed to be a feature of quantum theory which signals its inconsistency with any classical worldview. To prove the failure of classicality in the sense of Kochen-Specker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , David Schmid , Elie Wolfe , Ana Belén Sainz , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

When it isn't possible to tell two distinct experimental procedures apart purely from their input/output statistics, then it seems a plausible hypothesis that the two procedures must be physically identical. We call such a hypothesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Ravi Kunjwal

The testability of the Kochen-Specker theorem is a subject of ongoing controversy. A central issue is that experimental implementations relying on sequential measurements cannot achieve perfect compatibility between the measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-15 Jochen Szangolies , Matthias Kleinmann , Otfried Gühne

The Kochen-Specker theorem rules out models of quantum theory wherein projective measurements are assigned outcomes deterministically and independently of context. This notion of noncontextuality is not applicable to experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-11 Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

It was presented by Cabello and Nakamura [A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 190401 (2003)], that the Kochen-Specker theorem applies to two dimensions if one uses Positive Operator-Valued Measures. We show that contextuality in their models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-24 Andrzej Grudka , Pawel Kurzynski

When a measurement is compatible with each of two other measurements that are incompatible with one another, these define distinct contexts for the given measurement. The Kochen-Specker theorem rules out models of quantum theory that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-06 Anirudh Krishna , Robert W. Spekkens , Elie Wolfe

The Kochen-Specker theorem demonstrates that it is not possible to reproduce the predictions of quantum theory in terms of a hidden variable model where the hidden variables assign a value to every projector deterministically and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-16 Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

Kochen-Specker theorem rules out the non-contextual assignment of values to physical magnitudes. Here we enrich the usual orthomodular structure of quantum mechanical propositions with modal operators. This enlargement allows to refer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Graciela Domenech , Hector Freytes , Christian de Ronde

The Kochen--Specker (KS) theorem reveals the nonclassicality of single quantum systems. In contrast, Bell's theorem and entanglement concern the nonclassicality of composite quantum systems. Accordingly, unlike incompatibility, entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Victoria J Wright , Ravi Kunjwal

Contextuality is a key distinguishing feature between classical and quantum physics. It expresses a fundamental obstruction to describing quantum theory using classical concepts. In turn, understood as a resource for quantum computation, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Markus Frembs

The Kochen-Specker theorem shows that it is impossible to assign sharp values to all dynamical variables in quantum mechanics in such a way that the algebraic relations among the values of dynamical variables whose self-adjoint operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Simon Friederich , Mritunjay Tyagi

In the paper, a value assignment for projection operators relating to a quantum system is equated with assignment of truth-values to the propositions associated with these operators. In consequence, the Kochen-Specker theorem (its localized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-31 Arkady Bolotin

The Kochen-Specker theorem theoretically shows evidence of the incompatibility of noncontextual hidden variable theories with quantum mechanics. Quantum contextuality is a more general concept than quantum non-locality which is quite well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-05 Yuji Hasegawa , Katharina Durstberger-Rennhofer , Stephan Sponar , Helmut Rauch

Classical realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured, while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with…

This article delves into the concept of quantum contextuality, specifically focusing on proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem obtained by assigning Pauli observables to hypergraph vertices satisfying a given commutation relation. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Axel Muller , Alain Giorgetti

Contextuality is a key distinguishing feature between classical and quantum physics. It expresses a fundamental obstruction to describing quantum theory using classical concepts. In turn, when understood as a resource for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Markus Frembs

The non-classicality of single quantum systems can be formalised using the notion of contextuality. But can contextuality be convincingly demonstrated in an experiment, without reference to the quantum formalism? The operational approach to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Matthew F. Pusey , Lídia del Rio , Bettina Meyer

In quantum physics the term `contextual' can be used in more than one way. One usage, here called `Bell contextual' since the idea goes back to Bell, is that if $A$, $B$ and $C$ are three quantum observables, with $A$ compatible (i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-19 Robert B. Griffiths

The claim of Meyer, Kent and Clifton (MKC) that finite precision measurement nullifies the Kochen-Specker theorem is criticised. It is argued that, although MKC have nullified the Kochen-Specker theorem strictly so-called, there are other,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. M. Appleby
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