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Chondrites are undifferentiated sediments of material left over from the earliest solar system and are widely considered as representatives of the unprocessed building blocks of the terrestrial planets. The chondrites, along with processed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-15 Takashi Yoshizaki , Richard D. Ash , Tetsuya Yokoyama , Marc D. Lipella , William F. McDonough

The high occurrence on Earth of ordinary chondrite meteorites and the making of models based upon arbitrary assumptions has led to some confusion about the origin of ordinary chondrites. Major element fractionation among chondrites has been…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Marvin Herndon

Chondrites are sediments of materials left over from the earliest stage of the solar system history. Based on their undifferentiated nature and less fractionated chemical compositions, chondrites are widely considered to represent the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Takashi Yoshizaki , Richard D. Ash , Marc D. Lipella , Tetsuya Yokoyama , William F. McDonough

Earth's interior, I posit, is like one of the rare, oxygen-starved "enstatite chondrite" meteorites (and unlike a more-oxidized "ordinary chondrite" as has been believed for seventy years). Laboratory-analyzed enstatite-chondrite samples…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-13 J. Marvin Herndon

Chondrite meteorites are believed to represent the building blocks of the solar nebula, out of which our solar system formed. They are a mixture of silicate and oxide objects (chondrules and refractory inclusions) that experienced extremely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-19 Raquel Salmeron , Trevor Ireland

The most abundant components of primitive meteorites (chondrites) are millimeter-sized glassy spherical chondrules formed by transient melting events in the solar protoplanetary disk. Using Pb-Pb dates of 22 individual chondrules, we show…

Meteorites, and in particular primitive meteorites (chondrites), are irreplaceable probes of the solar protoplanetary disk. We review their essential properties and endeavour to place them in astrophysical context. The earliest solar system…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-12 Emmanuel Jacquet , Cornelis Dullemond , Joanna Drążkowska , Steven Desch

As some of the most ancient materials in our Solar System, chondritic meteorites offer a valuable window into the early stages of planetary formation, particularly the accretion processes that built the most primitive asteroids. Until now,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-09 Anthony Seret , Guy Libourel

Pebble accretion provides new insights into Earth's building blocks and early protoplanetary disk conditions. Here, we show that mixtures of chondritic components: metal grains, chondrules, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 Susmita Garai , Peter L. Olson , Zachary D. Sharp

Major element fractionation among chondrites has been discussed for decades as ratios relative to Si or Mg. Expressing ratios relative to Fe leads to a new relationship admitting the possibility that ordinary chondrite meteorites are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Marvin Herndon

Earth is depleted in volatile elements relative to chondritic meteorites, its possible building blocks. The extent of this depletion increases with decreasing condensation temperature, and is approximated by a cumulative normal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-19 Paolo A. Sossi , Ingo L. Stotz , Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli , Hugh St. C. O'Neill

Asteroids and meteorites provide key evidence on the formation of planetesimals in the Solar System. Asteroids are traditionally thought to form in a bottom-up process by coagulation within a population of initially km-scale planetesimals.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Anders Johansen , Emmanuel Jacquet , Jeffrey N. Cuzzi , Alessandro Morbidelli , Matthieu Gounelle

Chondrites, the building blocks of the terrestrial planets, have mass and atomic proportions of oxygen, iron, magnesium, and silicon totaling $\geq$90\% and variable Mg/Si ($\sim$25\%), Fe/Si (factor of $\geq$2), and Fe/O (factor of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-10 William F. McDonough , Takashi Yoshizaki

Chondritic meteorites, the building blocks of terrestrial planets, are made of an out-of-equilibrium assemblage of solids formed at high and low temperatures, either in our Solar system or previous generations of stars. This was considered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-14 Francesco C. Pignatale , Sébastien Charnoz , Marc Chaussidon , Emmanuel Jacquet

The Al/Si and Mg/Si ratios in non-carbonaceous chondrites are lower than the solar (i.e., CI-chondritic) values, in sharp contrast to the non-CI carbonaceous meteorites and the Earth, which are enriched in refractory elements and have Mg/Si…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 A. Morbidelli , G. Libourel , H. Palme , S. A. Jacobson , D. C. Rubie

The most abundant matrix minerals in chondritic meteorites, hydrated phyllosilicates and ferrous olivine crystals, formed predominantly in asteroids during fluid-assisted metamorphism. We infer that they formed from minerals present in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Edward R. D. Scott , Alexander N. Krot

One in every two atoms in the Earth, Mars, and the Moon is oxygen; it is the third most abundant element in the solar system. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the terrestrial planets are different from those of the Sun and demonstrate…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 William F McDonough

Chemical and chronological information preserved in meteorites permits the reconstruction of events and processes in the solar nebula from the formation of the first solids to the accretion of planetary bodies and their subsequent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Klaus Mezger , Jonas Pape , Aryavart Anand , Pascal M. Kruttasch , Hauke Vollstaedt , Jan Hoffmann

The origin of Mercury's anomalous core and low FeO surface mineralogy are outstanding questions in planetary science. Mercury's composition may result from cosmochemical controls on the precursor solids that accreted to form Mercury. High…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-01 Denton S. Ebel , Conel M. O'D. Alexander

Understanding the origin of the Earth requires determining the original formation location of its building material. Based on the similar Fe isotopic composition of Earth's mantle and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, a prior study has argued…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Timo Hopp , Shengyu Tian , Thorsten Kleine
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