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The extensive coverage offered by satellites makes them effective in enhancing service continuity for users on dynamic airborne and maritime platforms, such as airplanes and ships. In particular, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) satellites…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Hongjae Nam , Junil Choi , David J. Love

In a dense Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation, using a centralized algorithm for minimum-delay routing would incur significant signaling and computational overhead. In this work, we exploit the deterministic topology of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Pranav S. Page , Kaustubh S. Bhargao , Hrishikesh V. Baviskar , Gaurav S. Kasbekar

Delivering broadband connectivity to unconnected areas is extremely challenging. The emergence of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems has been seen as a potential solution for connecting remote areas. Despite the hype around these new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Osoro B. Ogutu , Edward J. Oughton

In recent years, the emergence of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has introduced unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity. However, routing efficiency and inter-shell communication remain key challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hailong Su , Jinshu Su , Yusheng Xia , Haibin Li

The deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites with terrestrial networks can potentially increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of relaying content from a data center to a set of edge caches hosted by 6G and beyond enabled macro…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-24 Basem Abdellatif , Mostafa M. Shibl , Tamer Khattab , John Tadrous , Tarek ElFouly , Nizar Zorba

Inter-satellite-link-enabled low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are evolving toward networked architectures that support constellation-level cooperation, enabling multiple satellites to jointly serve user terminals through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Yuchen Zhang , Eva Lagunas , Xue Xian Zheng , Symeon Chatzinotas , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Dense satellite constellations recently emerged as a prominent solution to complementing terrestrial networks in attaining true global coverage. As such, analytic optimization techniques can be adopted to rapidly maximize the benefits of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Bassel Al Homssi , Akram Al-Hourani

Recently, mega-constellations with a massive number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered as a possible solution for providing global coverage due to relatively low latency and high throughput compared to geosynchronous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Gyeongrae Im , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Seungkeun Park , Heejung Yu , Junil Choi

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified as one of the important components of the sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTN) to provide ubiquitous connectivity. Due to the low orbit altitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Zhaoyang Zhang

In this paper, we consider traffic offloading of integrated low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial network. We first derive traffic offloading probability from the terrestrial network to the LEO satellite network based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Hossein Akhlaghpasand , Vahid Shah-Mansouri

Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become vital in emerging commercial and defense Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). However, their predictable orbital dynamics and exposed geometries make them highly susceptible to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Shizhen Jia , Mingjun Ying , Marco Mezzavilla , Theodore S. Rappaport , Sundeep Rangan

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is a promising approach to providing Internet connectivity to users in many remote areas. As videos are likely to account for most traffic in the LEO satellite network, as in the rest of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kyoungjun Park , Zhiyuan He , Cheng Luo , Yi Xu , Lili Qiu , Changhan Ge , Muhammad Muaz

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) has emerged as a promising technology to improve wireless connectivity in global areas. Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO), an architecture proposed for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Xiangyu Li , Bodong Shang

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks by providing global coverage, massive connections, and huge capacity. In this paper, we present a novel LEO satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wenfei Yao , Xiaoming Chen , Qi Wang , Xingyu Peng

Starlink and alike have attracted a lot of attention recently, however, the inner working of these low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks is still largely unknown. This paper presents an ongoing measurement campaign focusing on Starlink,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Jianping Pan , Jinwei Zhao , Lin Cai

Digital connectivity has become the foundation of prosperity and an essential need for functioning societies. Despite this dependence, limitation on Internet access remains a prevalent issue, largely hinged on socioeconomic and geographic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Bassel Al Homssi , Akram Al-Hourani , Ke Wang , Phillip Conder , Sithamparanathan Kandeepan , Jinho Choi , Ben Allen , Ben Moores

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as an essential communication infrastructure, with standardized 5G-based non-terrestrial networks and their integration with terrestrial systems envisioned as a key feature of 6G.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andreas Casparsen , Jonas Ellegaard Jakobsen , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva Mayorga

The performance of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) networks, which consist of thousands of satellites interconnected by optical links, is dependent on its network topology. Existing topology designs often assume idealized conditions and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Muaz Ali , Beichuan Zhang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Observation (EO) satellites have changed the way we monitor Earth. Acting like moving cameras, EO satellites are formed in constellations with different missions and priorities, and capture vast data that needs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaojian Wang , Ruozhou Yu , Dejun Yang , Guoliang Xue