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The Raft agreement algorithm is recognized for its ease of understanding and practical implementation, and is currently adopted in systems such as Kubernetes. However, it has some limitations in terms of scalability and performance as it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-16 André Gonçalves , Ana Nunes Alonso , José Pereira , Rui Oliveira

Consensus protocols are the foundation for building fault-tolerant, distributed systems, and services. They are also widely acknowledged as performance bottlenecks. Several recent systems have proposed accelerating these protocols using the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Huynh Tu Dang , Pietro Bressana , Han Wang , Ki Suh Lee , Noa Zilberman , Hakim Weatherspoon , Marco Canini , Fernando Pedone , Robert Soulé

Crash fault tolerant (CFT) consensus algorithms are commonly used in scenarios where system components are trusted -- e.g., enterprise settings and government infrastructure. However, CFT consensus can be broken by even a single corrupt…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Weizhao Tang , Peiyao Sheng , Ronghao Ni , Pronoy Roy , Xuechao Wang , Giulia Fanti , Pramod Viswanath

LNT is a modern language for the formal description of concurrent systems. It generalizes traditional process calculi and overcomes their known limitations by incorporating features such as an imperative programming style with direct…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hubert Garavel

Consensus protocols are fundamental in distributed systems as they enable software with strong consistency properties. However, designing optimized protocols for specific use-cases under certain system assumptions is typically a laborious…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Julian Haas , Ragnar Mogk , Annette Bieniusa , Mira Mezini

Fault-tolerant consensus has been studied extensively in the literature, because it is one of the most important distributed primitives and has wide applications in practice. This paper surveys important results on fault-tolerant consensus…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Lewis Tseng

Consensus protocols are the foundation for building many fault-tolerant distributed systems and services. This paper posits that there are significant performance benefits to be gained by offering consensus as a network service (CAANS).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-19 Huynh Tu Dang , Pietro Bressana , Han Wang , Ki Suh Lee , Hakim Weatherspoon , Marco Canini , Fernando Pedone , Robert Soulé

Lamport's Paxos algorithm is a classic consensus protocol for state machine replication in environments that admit crash failures. Many versions of Paxos exploit the protocol's intrinsic properties for the sake of gaining better run-time…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Álvaro García-Pérez , Alexey Gotsman , Yuri Meshman , Ilya Sergey

Blockchains use consensus protocols to reach agreement, e.g., on the ordering of transactions. DAG-based consensus protocols are increasingly adopted by blockchain companies to reduce energy consumption and enhance security. These protocols…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Nathalie Bertrand , Pranav Ghorpade , Sasha Rubin , Bernhard Scholz , Pavle Subotic

Agreement among a set of processes and in the presence of partial failures is one of the fundamental problems of distributed systems. In the most general case, many decisions must be agreed upon over the lifetime of a system with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Seif Haridi , Lars Kroll , Paris Carbone

Blockchain-based IoT systems can manage IoT devices and achieve a high level of data integrity, security, and provenance. However, incorporating existing consensus protocols in many IoT systems limits scalability and leads to high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hao Guo , Wanxin Li , Mark Nejad

Building consensus sequences based on distributed, fault-tolerant consensus, as used for replicated state machines, typically requires a separate distributed state for every new consensus instance. Allocating and maintaining this state…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Jan Skrzypczak , Florian Schintke , Thorsten Schütt

With the continuous expansion of blockchain application scenarios, consortium chains have raised higher performance and security requirements for consensus mechanisms. Unlike public blockchains, consortium chains typically implement an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Wen Gao , Xinhong Hei , Yichuan Wang

Distributed algorithms solving agreement problems like consensus or state machine replication are essential components of modern fault-tolerant distributed services. They are also notoriously hard to understand and reason about. Their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Berk Cirisci , Constantin Enea , Suha Orhun Mutluergil

Consensus protocols are widely used in building reliable distributed software systems and its correctness is of vital importance. TLA+ is a lightweight formal specification language which enables precise specification of system design and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Xiaosong Gu , Wei Cao , Yicong Zhu , Xuan Song , Yu Huang , Xiaoxing Ma

Distributed replication systems based on the replicated state machine model have become ubiquitous as the foundation of modern database systems. To ensure availability in the presence of faults, these systems must be able to dynamically…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-23 William Schultz , Siyuan Zhou , Ian Dardik , Stavros Tripakis

Blockchain-based IoT systems can manage IoT devices and achieve a high level of data integrity, security, and provenance. However, incorporating the existing consensus protocols in many IoT systems limits scalability and leads to high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Hao Guo , Wanxin Li , Mark Nejad

This paper presents a new framework, namely \emph{\onlay}, for scalable asynchronous distributed systems. In this framework, we propose a consensus protocol $L_{\phi}$, which is based on the Lachesis protocol~\cite{lachesis01}. At the core…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje

Models for noncoherent error control in random linear network coding (RLNC) and store and forward (SAF) have been recently proposed. In this paper, we model different types of random network communications as the transmission of flats of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Maximilien Gadouleau , Alban Goupil

The robustness of distributed systems is usually phrased in terms of the number of failures of certain types that they can withstand. However, these failure models are too crude to describe the different kinds of trust and expectations of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Isaac C. Sheff , Robbert van Renesse , Andrew C. Myers