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Test-Time Learning (TTL) enables language agents to iteratively refine their performance through repeated interactions with the environment at inference time. At the core of TTL is an adaptation policy that updates the actor policy based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhanzhi Lou , Hui Chen , Yibo Li , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

We consider the stochastic scheduling problem of minimizing the expected makespan on $m$ parallel identical machines. While the (adaptive) list scheduling policy achieves an approximation ratio of $2$, any (non-adaptive) fixed assignment…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Guillaume Sagnol , Daniel Schmidt genannt Waldschmidt

Soft prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient method for adapting LLMs to specific tasks, but suffers from a lack of interpretability. Building on recent work on interpreting soft prompts (Ramati et al., 2024), we explore how training a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pitipat Kongsomjit , Suryansh Goyal , Jacob Whitehill

Beam search is universally used in full-sentence translation but its application to simultaneous translation remains non-trivial, where output words are committed on the fly. In particular, the recently proposed wait-k policy (Ma et al.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Renjie Zheng , Mingbo Ma , Baigong Zheng , Liang Huang

Recent advances in simultaneous speech translation (SST) focus on the decision policies that enable the use of offline-trained ST models for simultaneous inference. These decision policies not only control the quality-latency trade-off in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haotian Tan , Sakriani Sakti

Parallel texts (bitexts) have properties that distinguish them from other kinds of parallel data. First, most words translate to only one other word. Second, bitext correspondence is noisy. This article presents methods for biasing…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 I. Dan Melamed

Simultaneous machine translation attempts to translate a source sentence before it is finished being spoken, with applications to translation of spoken language for live streaming and conversation. Since simultaneous systems trade quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Colin Cherry , George Foster

Despite some empirical success at correcting exposure bias in machine translation, scheduled sampling algorithms suffer from a major drawback: they incorrectly assume that words in the reference translations and in sampled sequences are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Weijia Xu , Xing Niu , Marine Carpuat

Simultaneous machine translation has recently gained traction thanks to significant quality improvements and the advent of streaming applications. Simultaneous translation systems need to find a trade-off between translation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Javier Iranzo-Sánchez , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan

Evolutionary agentic systems intensify the trade-off between computational efficiency and reasoning capability by repeatedly invoking large language models (LLMs) during inference. This setting raises a central question: how can an agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pretam Ray , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

We present a three-pronged approach to improving Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), building on recent success in the application of neural networks to SMT. First, we propose new features based on neural networks to model various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Hendra Setiawan , Zhongqiang Huang , Jacob Devlin , Thomas Lamar , Rabih Zbib , Richard Schwartz , John Makhoul

Language-conditioned policies allow robots to interpret and execute human instructions. Learning such policies requires a substantial investment with regards to time and compute resources. Still, the resulting controllers are highly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Yifan Zhou , Shubham Sonawani , Mariano Phielipp , Simon Stepputtis , Heni Ben Amor

One of the questions that arises when designing models that learn to solve multiple tasks simultaneously is how much of the available training budget should be devoted to each individual task. We refer to any formalized approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 John Glover , Chris Hokamp

When building state-of-the-art speech translation models, the need for large computational resources is a significant obstacle due to the large training data size and complex models. The availability of pre-trained models is a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Zhaolin Li , Jan Niehues

We investigate the tradeoff between adequacy and fluency in machine translation. We show the severity of this tradeoff at the evaluation level and analyze where popular metrics fall within it. Essentially, current metrics generally lean…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Behzad Shayegh , Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Tobias Domhan , Juraj Juraska , Markus Freitag , Lili Mou

Blockwise self-attentional encoder models have recently emerged as one promising end-to-end approach to simultaneous speech translation. These models employ a blockwise beam search with hypothesis reliability scoring to determine when to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Peter Polák , Brian Yan , Shinji Watanabe , Alex Waibel , Ondřej Bojar

This paper addresses the adaptive consensus problem in uncertain multi-agent systems, particularly under challenges posed by quantized communication. We consider agents with general linear dynamics subject to nonlinear uncertainties and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Woocheol Choi , Piljae Jang

This paper studies adaptive algorithms for simultaneous regulation (i.e., control) and estimation (i.e., learning) of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) linear dynamical systems. It proposes practical, easy to implement control policies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-05 Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , Ambuj Tewari , George Michailidis

Simultaneous translation is a task in which translation begins before the speaker has finished speaking, so it is important to decide when to start the translation process. However, deciding whether to read more input words or start to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura