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Deep generative models are powerful tools that have produced impressive results in recent years. These advances have been for the most part empirically driven, making it essential that we use high quality evaluation metrics. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-22 Shane Barratt , Rishi Sharma

Modern metrics for generative learning like Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) and DINOv2-Fr\'echet Distance (FD-DINOv2) demonstrate impressive performance. However, they suffer from various shortcomings, like a bias towards specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lokesh Veeramacheneni , Moritz Wolter , Hildegard Kuehne , Juergen Gall

Evaluating text-to-image and text-to-video models is challenging due to a fundamental disconnect: established metrics fail to jointly measure visual quality and semantic alignment with text, leading to a poor correlation with human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jaywon Koo , Jefferson Hernandez , Moayed Haji-Ali , Ziyan Yang , Vicente Ordonez

Generative models are typically evaluated by direct inspection of their generated samples, e.g., by visual inspection in the case of images. Further evaluation metrics like the Fr\'echet inception distance or maximum mean discrepancy are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Michael Baur , Nurettin Turan , Simon Wallner , Wolfgang Utschick

We propose two new evaluation metrics to assess realness of generated images based on normalizing flows: a simpler and efficient flow-based likelihood distance (FLD) and a more exact dual-flow based likelihood distance (D-FLD). Because…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Pranav Jeevan , Neeraj Nixon , Amit Sethi

With the recent success of generative models in image and text, the evaluation of generative models has gained a lot of attention. Whereas most generative models are compared in terms of scalar values such as Frechet Inception Distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Benjamin Sykes , Loic Simon , Julien Rabin

In this paper we introduce the Frechet Music Distance (FMD), a novel evaluation metric for generative symbolic music models, inspired by the Frechet Inception Distance (FID) in computer vision and Frechet Audio Distance (FAD) in generative…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Jan Retkowski , Jakub Stępniak , Mateusz Modrzejewski

Automatic evaluation for open-ended natural language generation tasks remains a challenge. Existing metrics such as BLEU show a low correlation with human judgment. We propose a novel and powerful learning-based evaluation metric:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Jing Gu , Qingyang Wu , Zhou Yu

Perceptual metrics, like the Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID), are widely used to assess the similarity between synthetically generated and ground truth (real) images. The key idea behind these metrics is to compute errors in a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Krish Kabra , Guha Balakrishnan

Determining conditional independence (CI) relationships between random variables is a fundamental yet challenging task in machine learning and statistics, especially in high-dimensional settings. Existing generative model-based CI testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yixin Ren , Chenghou Jin , Yewei Xia , Li Ke , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Hao Zhang , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models in smart grids have advanced significantly in recent years due to their ability to generate large amounts of synthetic data, which would otherwise be difficult to obtain in the real world due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuting Cai , Shaohuai Liu , Chao Tian , Le Xie

Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) is a widely used metric for assessing synthetic image quality. It relies on an ImageNet-based feature extractor, making its applicability to medical imaging unclear. A recent trend is to adapt FID to…

Generative models have made immense progress in recent years, particularly in their ability to generate high quality images. However, that quality has been difficult to evaluate rigorously, with evaluation dominated by heuristic approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Y. Alex Kolchinski , Sharon Zhou , Shengjia Zhao , Mitchell Gordon , Stefano Ermon

The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is a state-of-the-art technique in the field of deep learning. A number of recent papers address the theory and applications of GANs in various fields of image processing. Fewer studies, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

The Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) has been used to evaluate hundreds of generative models. We introduce FastFID, which can efficiently train generative models with FID as a loss function. Using FID as an additional loss for Generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Alexander Mathiasen , Frederik Hvilshøj

Evaluating image generation models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) is a challenging problem. A common approach is to compare the distributions of the set of ground truth images and the set of generated test images. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Junghyuk Lee , Jong-Seok Lee

The purpose of unconditional text generation is to train a model with real sentences, then generate novel sentences of the same quality and diversity as the training data. However, when different metrics are used for comparing the methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Ping Cai , Xingyuan Chen , Peng Jin , Hongjun Wang , Tianrui Li

Metrics for evaluating generative models aim to measure the discrepancy between real and generated images. The often-used Frechet Inception Distance (FID) metric, for example, extracts "high-level" features using a deep network from the two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Gaurav Parmar , Richard Zhang , Jun-Yan Zhu

Feature embeddings acquired from pretrained models are widely used in medical applications of deep learning to assess the characteristics of datasets; e.g. to determine the quality of synthetic, generated medical images. The Fr\'{e}chet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ciaran Bench , Vivek Desai , Carlijn Roozemond , Ruben van Engen , Spencer A. Thomas

Generative models have revolutionized multiple domains, yet their application to tabular data remains underexplored. Evaluating generative models for tabular data presents unique challenges due to structural complexity, large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Dayananda Herurkar , Ahmad Ali , Andreas Dengel