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Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a…

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has acquired a prominent position in health-related sequential decision-making problems, gaining traction as a valuable tool for delivering adaptive interventions (AIs). However, in part due to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Nina Deliu , Joseph Jay Williams , Bibhas Chakraborty

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising quantum algorithms for the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Quantifying the performance of QAOA in the near-term regime is of utmost importance. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Yuri Alexeev

The endeavor of artificial intelligence (AI) is to design autonomous agents capable of achieving complex tasks. Namely, reinforcement learning (RL) proposes a theoretical background to learn optimal behaviors. In practice, RL algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Firas Jarboui , Ahmed Akakzia

Reinforcement learning studies how an agent should interact with an environment to maximize its cumulative reward. A standard way to study this question abstractly is to ask how many samples an agent needs from the environment to learn an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Daochen Wang , Aarthi Sundaram , Robin Kothari , Ashish Kapoor , Martin Roetteler

The increasingly challenging task of maintaining power grid security requires innovative solutions. Novel approaches using reinforcement learning (RL) agents have been proposed to help grid operators navigate the massive decision space and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Benjamin M. Peter , Mert Korkali

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

Using partial knowledge of a quantum state to control multiqubit entanglement is a largely unexplored paradigm in the emerging field of quantum interactive dynamics with the potential to address outstanding challenges in quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Pavel Tashev , Stefan Petrov , Friederike Metz , Marin Bukov

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), with performance governed by variational parameters $\{\gamma_i, \beta_i\}_{i=0}^{p-1}$. While most prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen

Recent advance in classical reinforcement learning (RL) and quantum computation (QC) points to a promising direction of performing RL on a quantum computer. However, potential applications in quantum RL are limited by the number of qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Chih-Min Huang , Chia-Wei Hsing , Hsi-Sheng Goan , Ying-Jer Kao

Reinforcement learning with neural networks (RLNN) has recently demonstrated great promise for many problems, including some problems in quantum information theory. In this work, we apply RLNN to quantum hypothesis testing and determine the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Sarah Brandsen , Kevin D. Stubbs , Henry D. Pfister

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been a promising essence in future 5G-beyond and 6G systems. Its main advantage lies in its robust model-free decision-making in complex and large-dimension wireless environments. However, most existing RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Eslam Eldeeb , Hirley Alves

Optimizing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is a high-dimensional combinatorial challenge. Current quantum algorithms often simplify this problem by ignoring physical constraints like mutual coupling, which significantly degrades…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Marco Pasquale , Erik M. Åsgrim , Stefano Markidis , Oscar Quevedo-Teruel

In this paper, we introduce Quantum-Train-Based Distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (Dist-QTRL), a novel approach to addressing the scalability challenges of traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) by integrating quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Chen-Yu Liu , Kin K. Leung

Reinforcement Learning (RL), a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), focuses on training agents to make decisions by interacting with their environment to maximize cumulative rewards. This paper provides an overview of RL, covering its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Majid Ghasemi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Interest in reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale systems, comprising extensive populations of intelligent agents interacting with heterogeneous environments, has surged significantly across diverse scientific domains in recent years.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Wei Zhang , Jr-Shin Li

Measurement and estimation of parameters are essential for science and engineering, where one of the main quests is to find systematic schemes that can achieve high precision. While conventional schemes for quantum parameter estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Han Xu , Junning Li , Liqiang Liu , Yu Wang , Haidong Yuan , Xin Wang

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has proved to be an effective classical-quantum algorithm serving multiple purposes, from solving combinatorial optimization problems to finding the ground state of many-body quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 P. Chandarana , N. N. Hegade , K. Paul , F. Albarrán-Arriagada , E. Solano , A. del Campo , Xi Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a classical tool to solve network control or policy optimization problems in unknown environments. The original Q-learning suffers from performance and complexity challenges across very large networks. Herein,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Talha Bozkus , Urbashi Mitra

Large language models (LLMs) show strong capabilities in general reasoning but typically lack reliability in scientific domains like quantum mechanics, which demand strict adherence to physical constraints. This limitation arises from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Songxin Qu , Tai-Ping Sun , Yun-Jie Wang , Huan-Yu Liu , Cheng Xue , Xiao-Fan Xu , Han Fang , Yang Yang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo , Zhao-Yun Chen