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When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Bruce Spang , Veronica Hannan , Shravya Kunamalla , Te-Yuan Huang , Nick McKeown , Ramesh Johari

Online experiments such as Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) or A/B-tests are the bread and butter of modern platforms on the web. They are conducted continuously to allow platforms to estimate the causal effect of replacing system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Olivier Jeunen

Current approaches to A/B testing in networks focus on limiting interference, the concern that treatment effects can "spill over" from treatment nodes to control nodes and lead to biased causal effect estimation. Prominent methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Zahra Fatemi , Elena Zheleva

Randomized controlled trials often suffer from interference, a violation of the Stable Unit Treatment Values Assumption (SUTVA) in which a unit's treatment assignment affects the outcomes of its neighbors. This interference causes bias in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Vydhourie Thiyageswaran , Tyler McCormick , Jennifer Brennan

A/B testing, also known as controlled experiment, bucket testing or splitting testing, has been widely used for evaluating a new feature, service or product in the data-driven decision processes of online websites. The goal of A/B testing…

Applications · Statistics 2016-10-26 Bai Jiang , Xiaolin Shi , Hongwei Shang , Zhigeng Geng , Alyssa Glass

Network interference has attracted significant attention in the field of causal inference, encapsulating various sociological behaviors where the treatment assigned to one individual within a network may affect the outcomes of others, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhiheng Zhang , Zichen Wang

Estimating the effects of interventions in networks is complicated when the units are interacting, such that the outcomes for one unit may depend on the treatment assignment and behavior of many or all other units (i.e., there is…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-15 Dean Eckles , Brian Karrer , Johan Ugander

Consider two brands that want to jointly test alternate web experiences for their customers with an A/B test. Such collaborative tests are today enabled using \textit{third-party cookies}, where each brand has information on the identity of…

Interference between treated and untreated units is a source of bias in marketplace experiments. In this paper, we specifically consider pricing interventions, in which a platform seeks to adjust base pricing levels at the marketplace level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Arthur Delarue , Kleanthis Karakolios

A/B testing is an important decision making tool in product development because can provide an accurate estimate of the average treatment effect of a new features, which allows developers to understand how the business impact of new changes…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-22 Guillaume Saint-Jacques , James Eric Sorenson , Nanyu Chen , Ya Xu

In many industry settings, online controlled experimentation (A/B test) has been broadly adopted as the gold standard to measure product or feature impacts. Most research has primarily focused on user engagement type metrics, specifically…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-30 Weinan Wang , Xi Zhang

Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for estimating treatment effects across many fields of science. Technology companies have adopted A/B-testing methods as a modern RCT counterpart, where end-users are randomly…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Olivier Jeunen

In industry, online randomized controlled experiment (a.k.a. A/B experiment) is a standard approach to measure the impact of a causal change. These experiments have small treatment effect to reduce the potential blast radius. As a result,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-29 Tanmoy Das , Dohyeon Lee , Arnab Sinha

In this paper, we examine the biases that arise when firms run A/B tests on continuous parameters to estimate global treatment effects on performance metrics of interest; we particularly focus on price experiments to measure the price…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Ramesh Johari , Orrie B. Page , Gabriel Y. Weintraub

Digital technology organizations routinely use online experiments (e.g. A/B tests) to guide their product and business decisions. In e-commerce, we often measure changes to transaction- or item-based business metrics such as Average Basket…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-18 C. H. Bryan Liu , Emma J. McCoy

Treatment effect estimation can assist in effective decision-making in e-commerce, medicine, and education. One popular application of this estimation lies in the prediction of the impact of a treatment (e.g., a promotion) on an outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xiaofeng Lin , Guoxi Zhang , Xiaotian Lu , Han Bao , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

The gold standard for estimating causal effects is randomized controlled trial (RCT) or A/B testing where a random group of individuals from a population of interest are given treatment and the outcome is compared to a random group of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Sayeed Faruk , Jason Sulskis , Elena Zheleva

We study A/B experiments that are designed to compare the performance of two recommendation algorithms. Prior work has observed that the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA) often does not hold in large-scale recommendation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Shuangning Li , Chonghuan Wang , Jingyan Wang

A lot of online marketing campaigns aim to promote user interaction. The average treatment effect (ATE) of campaign strategies need to be monitored throughout the campaign. A/B testing is usually conducted for such needs, whereas the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Tianchi Cai , Daxi Cheng , Chen Liang , Ziqi Liu , Lihong Gu , Huizhi Xie , Zhiqiang Zhang , Xiaodong Zeng , Jinjie Gu

We consider the problem of variance reduction in randomized controlled trials, through the use of covariates correlated with the outcome but independent of the treatment. We propose a machine learning regression-adjusted treatment effect…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-07 Yongyi Guo , Dominic Coey , Mikael Konutgan , Wenting Li , Chris Schoener , Matt Goldman