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This paper investigates the use of Mean Opinion Score (MOS), a common image quality metric, as a user-centric evaluation metric for XAI post-hoc explainers. To measure the MOS, a user experiment is proposed, which has been conducted with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hyeon Yu , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Romain Bourqui , Romain Giot , Alexey Zhukov

MOS (Mean Opinion Score) is a subjective method used for the evaluation of a system's quality. Telecommunications (for voice and video), and speech synthesis systems (for generated speech) are a few of the many applications of the method.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Bálint Gyires-Tóth , Csaba Zainkó

Many testing problems are readily amenable to randomised tests such as those employing data splitting. However despite their usefulness in principle, randomised tests have obvious drawbacks. Firstly, two analyses of the same dataset may…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 F. Richard Guo , Rajen D. Shah

Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is a popular measure for evaluating synthesized speech. However, the scores obtained in MOS tests are heavily dependent upon many contextual factors. One such factor is the overall range of quality of the samples…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Existing objective evaluation metrics for voice conversion (VC) are not always correlated with human perception. Therefore, training VC models with such criteria may not effectively improve naturalness and similarity of converted speech. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Chen-Chou Lo , Szu-Wei Fu , Wen-Chin Huang , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Machine learning classification tasks often benefit from predicting a set of possible labels with confidence scores to capture uncertainty. However, existing methods struggle with the high-dimensional nature of the data and the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Rui Luo , Zhixin Zhou

As a subjective metric to evaluate the quality of synthesized speech, Mean opinion score~(MOS) usually requires multiple annotators to score the same speech. Such an annotation approach requires a lot of manpower and is also time-consuming.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kexin Wang , Yunlong Zhao , Qianqian Dong , Tom Ko , Mingxuan Wang

Text-to-Speech synthesis systems are generally evaluated using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) tests, where listeners score samples of synthetic speech on a Likert scale. A major drawback of MOS tests is that they only offer a general measure of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-07 Elijah Gutierrez , Pilar Oplustil-Gallegos , Catherine Lai

The ground truth used for training image, video, or speech quality prediction models is based on the Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) obtained from subjective experiments. Usually, it is necessary to conduct multiple experiments, mostly with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-15 Gabriel Mittag , Saman Zadtootaghaj , Thilo Michael , Babak Naderi , Sebastian Möller

The sequential analysis of series often requires nonparametric procedures, where the most powerful ones frequently use rank transformations. Re-ranking the data sequence after each new observation can become too intensive computationally.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-27 W. J. Conover , Victor G. Tercero , Alvaro E. Cordero-Franco

For some variants of regression models, including partial, measurement error or error-in-variables, latent effects, semi-parametric and otherwise corrupted linear models, the classical parametric tests generally do not perform well. Various…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-25 Pranab K. Sen , Jana Jureckova , Jan Picek

This position paper argues that Mean Opinion Score (MOS), while historically foundational, is no longer sufficient as the sole supervisory signal for multimedia quality assessment models. MOS reduces rich, context-sensitive human judgments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohamed Amine Kerkouri , Marouane Tliba , Aladine Chetouani , Nour Aburaed , Alessandro Bruno

The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is fundamental to speech quality assessment. However, its acquisition requires significant human annotation. Although deep neural network approaches, such as DNSMOS and UTMOS, have been developed to predict MOS…

Mean opinion score (MOS) is a popular subjective metric to assess the quality of synthesized speech, and usually involves multiple human judges to evaluate each speech utterance. To reduce the labor cost in MOS test, multiple methods have…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Yichong Leng , Xu Tan , Sheng Zhao , Frank Soong , Xiang-Yang Li , Tao Qin

Conformal prediction has been a very popular method of distribution-free predictive inference in recent years in machine learning and statistics. Its popularity stems from the fact that it works as a wrapper around any prediction algorithm…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-07 Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

In this paper, we propose a highly efficient method to estimate an image's mean opinion score (MOS) from a single opinion score (SOS). Assuming that each SOS is the observed sample of a normal distribution and the MOS is its unknown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Lei Wang , Desen Yuan

This study investigates the evaluation of multimedia quality models, focusing on the inherent uncertainties in subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) ratings due to factors like rater inconsistency and bias. Traditional statistical measures…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alessandro Ragano , Helard Becerra Martinez , Andrew Hines

This paper introduces a novel objective function for quality mean opinion score (MOS) prediction of unseen speech synthesis systems. The proposed function measures the similarity of relative positions of predicted MOS values, in a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Hemant Yadav , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi , Sunayana Sitaram , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Speech quality assessment is a critical process in selecting text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) or voice conversion models. Evaluation of voice synthesis can be done using objective metrics or subjective metrics. Although there are many…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Saurabh Agrawal , Raj Gohil , Gopal Kumar Agrawal , Vikram C M , Kushal Verma

Several studies have proposed deep-learning-based models to predict the mean opinion score (MOS) of synthesized speech, showing the possibility of replacing human raters. However, inter- and intra-rater variability in MOSs makes it hard to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-03 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim
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