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To ensure the responsible distribution and use of open-source deep neural networks (DNNs), DNN watermarking has become a crucial technique to trace and verify unauthorized model replication or misuse. In practice, black-box watermarks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huming Qiu , Mi Zhang , Junjie Sun , Peiyi Chen , Xiaohan Zhang , Min Yang

Integrating watermarking into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs) simplifies detection and attribution of generated content. Semantic watermarks, such as Tree-Rings and Gaussian Shading, represent a novel class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Andreas Müller , Denis Lukovnikov , Jonas Thietke , Asja Fischer , Erwin Quiring

Box-free model watermarking is an emerging technique to safeguard the intellectual property of deep learning models, particularly those for low-level image processing tasks. Existing works have verified and improved its effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Haonan An , Guang Hua , Zhiping Lin , Yuguang Fang

Back-door attack poses a severe threat to deep learning systems. It injects hidden malicious behaviors to a model such that any input stamped with a special pattern can trigger such behaviors. Detecting back-door is hence of pressing need.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Guangyu Shen , Yingqi Liu , Guanhong Tao , Shengwei An , Qiuling Xu , Siyuan Cheng , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

With the advancement of intelligent healthcare, medical pre-trained language models (Med-PLMs) have emerged and demonstrated significant effectiveness in downstream medical tasks. While these models are valuable assets, they are vulnerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Cong Kong , Rui Xu , Weixi Chen , Jiawei Chen , Zhaoxia Yin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, making ownership verification critical to protect their intellectual property against model theft. Fingerprinting and black-box watermarking are two main…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Tingzhi Li , Xuefeng Liu , Jing Lei , Xingang Zhang

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have made rapid progress in recent years, they are vulnerable in adversarial environments. A malicious backdoor could be embedded in a model by poisoning the training dataset, whose intention is to make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Yinpeng Dong , Xiao Yang , Zhijie Deng , Tianyu Pang , Zihao Xiao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which dramatically alter model output using small input changes. We propose Neural Fingerprinting, a simple, yet effective method to detect adversarial examples by verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sumanth Dathathri , Stephan Zheng , Tianwei Yin , Richard M. Murray , Yisong Yue

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, including evasion and backdoor (poisoning) attacks. On the defense side, there have been intensive efforts on improving both empirical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Maurice Weber , Xiaojun Xu , Bojan Karlaš , Ce Zhang , Bo Li

Recently, the research on protecting the intellectual properties (IP) of deep neural networks (DNN) has attracted serious concerns. A number of DNN copyright protection methods have been proposed. However, most of the existing watermarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Shichang Sun , Mingfu Xue , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

In this paper, we present DSN (Deep Serial Number), a simple yet effective watermarking algorithm designed specifically for deep neural networks (DNNs). Unlike traditional methods that incorporate identification signals into DNNs, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), one of the key architectures of deep learning models, have achieved superior performance on many machine learning tasks such as image classification, video recognition, and power systems. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hanxiao Lu , Zeyu Huang , Ren Wang

With the increasing attention to deep neural network (DNN) models, attacks are also upcoming for such models. For example, an attacker may carefully construct images in specific ways (also referred to as adversarial examples) aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuexin Xiang , Tiantian Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models (LMs). However, the robustness of the watermarking schemes has not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

In the rapidly evolving landscape of communication and network security, the increasing reliance on deep neural networks (DNNs) and cloud services for data processing presents a significant vulnerability: the potential for backdoors that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Khondoker Murad Hossain , Tim Oates

The effectiveness of watermark algorithms in AI-generated text identification has garnered significant attention. Concurrently, an increasing number of watermark algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness against various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xianheng Feng , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Deep Neural Networks are well known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks and backdoor attacks, where minor modifications on the input are able to mislead the models to give wrong results. Although defenses against adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Kaidi Jin , Tianwei Zhang , Chao Shen , Yufei Chen , Ming Fan , Chenhao Lin , Ting Liu

Backdoors and adversarial examples are the two primary threats currently faced by deep neural networks (DNNs). Both attacks attempt to hijack the model behaviors with unintended outputs by introducing (small) perturbations to the inputs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yunjie Ge , Qian Wang , Huayang Huang , Qi Li , Cong Wang , Chao Shen , Lingchen Zhao , Peipei Jiang , Zheng Fang , Shenyi Zhang

Recently, point clouds have been widely used in computer vision, whereas their collection is time-consuming and expensive. As such, point cloud datasets are the valuable intellectual property of their owners and deserve protection. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Cheng Wei , Yang Wang , Kuofeng Gao , Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Zhibo Wang , Zhan Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in both text understanding and generation. Companies have begun to offer Embedding as a Service (EaaS) based on these LLMs, which can benefit various natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wenjun Peng , Jingwei Yi , Fangzhao Wu , Shangxi Wu , Bin Zhu , Lingjuan Lyu , Binxing Jiao , Tong Xu , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie
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