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This paper aims to provide a careful and self-contained introduction to the theory of topological degree in Euclidean spaces. It is intended for people mostly interested in analysis and, in general, a heavy background in algebraic or…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Pierluigi Benevieri , Massimo Furi , Maria Patrizia Pera , Marco Spadini

These notes give an elementary introduction to Lie groups, Lie algebras, and their representations. Designed to be accessible to graduate students in mathematics or physics, they have a minimum of prerequisites. Topics include definitions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Brian C. Hall

These lecture notes provide an informal introduction to the theory of nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares. We highlight the history and some recent developments, especially the new connections with classical (complex) algebraic…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Grigoriy Blekherman , Jannik Wesner

This is an introduction to linear algebra and group theory. We first review the linear algebra basics, namely the determinant, the diagonalization procedure and more, and with the determinant being constructed as it should, as a signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Teo Banica

The article is designed to explain to commutative algebraists what spectra (in the sense of algebraic topology) are, why they were originally defined, and how they can be useful for commutative algebra.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. P. C. Greenlees

The goal of this note is to provide a constructive version of the proof of local structure of etale algebras.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Thierry Coquand

Expanded lecture notes. Preliminary version, comments are welcome.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Bogdan Nica

The goal of this paper is to consider some relations between varieties of representations of groups and varieties of associative algebras. The main emphasis is put on the varieties of representations of groups induced by the varieties of…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2009-07-21 Elena Aladova , Boris Plotkin

These lecture notes provide an introduction to the theory and application of symmetry methods for ordinary differential equations, building on minimal prerequisites. Their primary purpose is to enable a quick and self-contained approach for…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-04-03 Sebastian Walcher

New notions are introduced in algebra in order to better study the congruences in number theory. For example, the <special semigroups> makes an important such contribution.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

This is an expository introduction to simplicial sets and simplicial homotopy theory with particular focus on relating the combinatorial aspects of the theory to their geometric/topological origins. It is intended to be accessible to…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Greg Friedman

These are notes of a mini-course given at Dennisfest in June 2001. The goal of these notes is to give a self-contained survey of deformation quantization, operad theory, and graph homology. Some new results related to "String Topology" and…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander A. Voronov

Theory of representations of universal algebra is a natural development of the theory of universal algebra. In the book, I considered representation of universal algebra, diagram of representations and examples of representation. Morphism…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-05-01 Aleks Kleyn

We consider a general concept of composition and decomposition of objects, and discuss a few natural properties one may expect from a reasonable choice thereof. It will be demonstrated how this leads to multiplication and co- multiplication…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-30 P. Blasiak

In this paper we introduce a new approach for organizing algebras of global dimension at most 2. We introduce the notion of cluster equivalence for these algebras, based on whether their generalized cluster categories are equivalent. We are…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-08 Claire Amiot , Steffen Oppermann

Motivated by a problem in graph theory, this article introduces an algebra called the balanced algebra. This algebra is defined by generators and relations, and the main goal is to find a minimal set of relations for it.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Erika Pirnes

This lecture addresses some general ideas behind numerical computations ranging from representation of numbers in computers to stability and accuracy of standard algorithms for some simple mathematical problems.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Davoud Mirzaei

The aim of these notes is to provide a succinct, accessible introduction to some of the basic ideas of category theory and categorical logic. The notes are based on a lecture course given at Oxford over the past few years. They contain…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Samson Abramsky , Nikos Tzevelekos

A complete classifications, up to isomorphism, of two-dimensional associative and diassociative algebras over any basic field are given.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-07-20 I. S. Rakhimov

Covering theory is an important tool in representation theory of algebras, however, the results and the proofs are scattered in the literature. We give an introduction to covering theory at a level as elementary as possible.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Yuming Liu , Nengqun Li , Bohan Xing , Pengyun Chen