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In this work, we introduce and study a class of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in continuous-time. The proposed architecture stems from the combination of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) with the model structure of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-18 Daniele Martinelli , Clara Lucía Galimberti , Ian R. Manchester , Luca Furieri , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

Increasing the layer number of on-chip photonic neural networks (PNNs) is essential to improve its model performance. However, the successively cascading of network hidden layers results in larger integrated photonic chip areas. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Yun Zhao , Hang Chen , Min Lin , Haiou Zhang , Tao Yan , Xing Lin , Ruqi Huang , Qionghai Dai

We consider the problem of network stability in finite-buffer systems. We observe that finite buffer may affect stability even in simplest network structure, and we propose an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model to capture the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Xinyu Wu , Dan Wu , Eytan Modiano

Differential equations are used to model problems that originate in disciplines such as physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering. In recent times, due to the abundance of data, there is an active search for data-driven methods to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 K. D. Olumoyin

Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (Neural ODE) has been proposed as a continuous approximation to the ResNet architecture. Some commonly used regularization mechanisms in discrete neural networks (e.g. dropout, Gaussian noise) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Xuanqing Liu , Tesi Xiao , Si Si , Qin Cao , Sanjiv Kumar , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Many physical processes such as weather phenomena or fluid mechanics are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Modelling such dynamical systems using Neural Networks is an active research field. However, current methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Andrzej Dulny , Andreas Hotho , Anna Krause

Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) are essential tools for modelling complex systems in science and engineering. They extend the traditional concepts of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, enabling a more precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 C. Coelho , M. Fernanda P. Costa , L. L. Ferrás

It is well known that exact notions of model abstraction and reduction for dynamical systems may not be robust enough in practice because they are highly sensitive to the specific choice of parameters. In this paper we consider this problem…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Luca Cardelli , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

We introduce the framework of continuous--depth graph neural networks (GNNs). Graph neural ordinary differential equations (GDEs) are formalized as the counterpart to GNNs where the input-output relationship is determined by a continuum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Michael Poli , Stefano Massaroli , Junyoung Park , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama , Jinkyoo Park

Despite the promise of scientific machine learning (SciML) in combining data-driven techniques with mechanistic modeling, existing approaches for incorporating hard constraints in neural differential equations (NDEs) face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Avik Pal , Alan Edelman , Christopher Rackauckas

Stability is required for real world controlled systems as it ensures that those systems can tolerate small, real world perturbations around their desired operating states. This paper shows how stability for continuous systems modeled by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Yong Kiam Tan , André Platzer

By interpreting the forward dynamics of the latent representation of neural networks as an ordinary differential equation, Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (Neural ODE) emerged as an effective framework for modeling a system dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Daehoon Gwak , Gyuhyeon Sim , Michael Poli , Stefano Massaroli , Jaegul Choo , Edward Choi

We explore in detail a method to solve ordinary differential equations using feedforward neural networks. We prove a specific loss function, which does not require knowledge of the exact solution, to be a suitable standard metric to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Liam L. H. Lau , Denis Werth

Recent research in deep learning has shown that neural networks can learn differential equations governing dynamical systems. In this paper, we adapt this concept to Virtual Analog (VA) modeling to learn the ordinary differential equations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Jan Wilczek , Alec Wright , Vesa Välimäki , Emanuël Habets

Poverty is a complex dynamic challenge that cannot be adequately captured using predefined differential equations. Nowadays, artificial machine learning (ML) methods have demonstrated significant potential in modelling real-world dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Sandeep Kumar Samota , Snehashish Chakraverty , Narayan Sethi

Continuous-time deep learning models, such as neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), offer a promising framework for surrogate modeling of complex physical systems. A central challenge in training these models lies in learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Haley Rosso , Lars Ruthotto , Khachik Sargsyan

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely used to model complex dynamics that arises in biology, chemistry, engineering, finance, physics, etc. Calibration of a complicated ODE system using noisy data is generally very difficult. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-20 Kexuan Li , Fangfang Wang , Ruiqi Liu , Fan Yang , Zuofeng Shang

This paper studies the expressive and computational power of discrete Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), a.k.a. (Ordinary) Difference Equations. It presents a new framework using these equations as a central tool for computation and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Olivier Bournez , Arnaud Durand

This paper addresses the training of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (neural ODEs), and in particular explores the interplay between numerical integration techniques, stability regions, step size, and initialization techniques. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Theodor Westny , Arman Mohammadi , Daniel Jung , Erik Frisk

Learning dynamics governed by differential equations is crucial for predicting and controlling the systems in science and engineering. Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE), a deep learning model integrated with differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Shiqi Gong , Qi Meng , Yue Wang , Lijun Wu , Wei Chen , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu