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The use of machine learning is becoming ubiquitous in astronomy, but remains rare in the study of the atmospheres of exoplanets. Given the spectrum of an exoplanetary atmosphere, a multi-parameter space is swept through in real time to find…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-12 Pablo Marquez-Neila , Chloe Fisher , Raphael Sznitman , Kevin Heng

Machine learning is now used in many areas of astrophysics, from detecting exoplanets in Kepler transit signals to removing telescope systematics. Recent work demonstrated the potential of using machine learning algorithms for atmospheric…

We present a new method for performing atmospheric retrieval on ground-based, high-resolution data of exoplanets. Our method combines cross-correlation functions with a random forest, a supervised machine learning technique, to overcome…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-15 Chloe Fisher , H. Jens Hoeijmakers , Daniel Kitzmann , Pablo Márquez-Neila , Simon L. Grimm , Raphael Sznitman , Kevin Heng

Standard Bayesian retrievals for exoplanet atmospheric parameters from transmission spectroscopy, while well understood and widely used, are generally computationally expensive. In the era of the JWST and other upcoming observatories,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-08 Roy T. Forestano , Konstantin T. Matchev , Katia Matcheva , Eyup B. Unlu

Exploring exoplanets has transformed our understanding of the universe by revealing many planetary systems that defy our current understanding. To study their atmospheres, spectroscopic observations are used to infer essential atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Flavio Giobergia , Alkis Koudounas , Elena Baralis

In the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the dramatic improvement in the spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres demands a corresponding leap forward in our ability to analyze them: atmospheric retrievals need to be performed on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 Anna Lueber , Konstantin Karchev , Chloe Fisher , Matthias Heim , Roberto Trotta , Kevin Heng

Atmospheric retrieval determines the properties of an atmosphere based on its measured spectrum. The low signal-to-noise ratio of exoplanet observations require a Bayesian approach to determine posterior probability distributions of each…

Atmospheric retrievals are now a standard tool to analyze observations of exoplanet atmospheres. This data-driven approach quantitatively compares atmospheric models to observations in order to estimate atmospheric properties and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

Over the past decade, the study of extrasolar planets has evolved rapidly from plain detection and identification to comprehensive categorization and characterization of exoplanet systems and their atmospheres. Atmospheric retrieval, the…

The complexity of atmospheric retrieval models is largely data-driven and one-dimensional models have generally been considered adequate with current data quality. However, recent studies have suggested that using 1D models in retrievals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Luis Welbanks , Nikku Madhusudhan

Current endeavours in exoplanet characterisation rely on atmospheric retrieval to quantify crucial physical properties of remote exoplanets from observations. However, the scalability and efficiency of the technique are under strain with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-17 Kai Hou Yip , Quentin Changeat , Ahmed Al-Refaie , Ingo Waldmann

We present a retrieval method based on Bayesian analysis to infer the atmospheric compositions and surface or cloud-top pressures from transmission spectra of exoplanets with general compositions. In this study, we identify what can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-28 Bjoern Benneke , Sara Seager

Interpreting the observations of exoplanet atmospheres to constrain physical and chemical properties is typically done using Bayesian retrieval techniques. Because these methods require many model computations, a compromise is made between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-10 Francisco Ardévol Martínez , Michiel Min , Daniela Huppenkothen , Inga Kamp , Paul I. Palmer

With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and high sensitivity of its instruments will…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 M. Rocchetto , I. P. Waldmann , O. Venot , P. -O. Lagage , G. Tinetti

Upcoming space-based coronagraphic instruments in the next decade will perform reflected light spectroscopy and photometry of cool, directly imaged extrasolar giant planets. We are developing a new atmospheric retrieval methodology to help…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 Roxana E. Lupu , Mark S. Marley , Nikole Lewis , Michael Line , Wesley A. Traub , Kevin Zahnle

Exoplanet atmospheric retrieval is a computational technique widely used to infer properties of planetary atmospheres from remote spectroscopic observations. Retrieval codes typically employ Bayesian sampling algorithms or machine learning…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-24 Ryan J. MacDonald , Natasha E. Batalha

The discovery of habitable exoplanets has long been a heated topic in astronomy. Traditional methods for exoplanet identification include the wobble method, direct imaging, gravitational microlensing, etc., which not only require a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Yucheng Jin , Lanyi Yang , Chia-En Chiang

Atmospheric retrievals are essential tools for interpreting exoplanet transmission and eclipse spectra, enabling quantitative constraints on the chemical composition, aerosol properties, and thermal structure of planetary atmospheres. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yoav Rotman , Luis Welbanks , Michael R. Line , Peter McGill , Michael Radica , Matthew C. Nixon

The evolution of space technology in recent years, fueled by advancements in computing such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has profoundly transformed our capacity to explore the cosmos. Missions like the James…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Vasuda Trehan , Kevin H. Knuth , M. J. Way

The advent of JWST has marked a new era in exoplanetary atmospheric studies, offering higher-resolution data and greater precision across a broader spectral range than previous space-based telescopes. Accurate analysis of these datasets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Tonmoy Deka , Tasneem Basra Khan , Swastik Dewan , Priyankush Ghosh , Debayan Das , Liton Majumdar
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