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We study the emergence of cooperative behaviors in reinforcement learning agents by introducing a challenging competitive multi-agent soccer environment with continuous simulated physics. We demonstrate that decentralized, population-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Siqi Liu , Guy Lever , Josh Merel , Saran Tunyasuvunakool , Nicolas Heess , Thore Graepel

Socially relevant situations that involve strategic interactions are widespread among animals and humans alike. To study these situations, theoretical and experimental works have adopted a game-theoretical perspective, which has allowed to…

In order to collaborate efficiently with unknown partners in cooperative control settings, adaptation of the partners based on online experience is required. The rather general and widely applicable control setting, where each cooperation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Florian Köpf , Samuel Tesfazgi , Michael Flad , Sören Hohmann

Despite cobots have high potential in bringing several benefits in the manufacturing and logistic processes, but their rapid (re-)deployment in changing environments is still limited. To enable fast adaptation to new product demands and to…

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

We propose a method, based on empirical game theory, for a robot operating as part of a team to choose its role within the team without explicitly communicating with team members, by leveraging its knowledge about the team structure. To do…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Fengjun Yang , Negar Mehr , Mac Schwager

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly been utilized in social simulations, where they are often guided by carefully crafted instructions to stably exhibit human-like behaviors during simulations. Nevertheless, we doubt the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Shuyuan Zheng , Qianying Liu , Xu Han , Brian Inhyuk Kwon , Makoto Onizuka , Shaojie Tang , Chuan Xiao

In hybrid populations where humans delegate strategic decision-making to autonomous agents, understanding when and how cooperative behaviors can emerge remains a key challenge. We study this problem in the context of energy load management:…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Isuri Perera , Frits de Nijs , Julian Garcia

Decades of scientific inquiry have sought to understand how evolution fosters cooperation, a concept seemingly at odds with the belief that evolution should produce rational, self-interested individuals. Most previous work has focused on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour , Iain D. Couzin

Inspired by biological swarms, robotic swarms are envisioned to solve real-world problems that are difficult for individual agents. Biological swarms can achieve collective intelligence based on local interactions and simple rules; however,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Qiyang Li , Xintong Du , Yizhou Huang , Quinlan Sykora , Angela P. Schoellig

When agents collaborate on a task, it is important that they have some shared mental model of the task routines -- the set of feasible plans towards achieving the goals. However, in reality, situations often arise that such a shared mental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Yuening Zhang , Brian C. Williams

The effects of policy sharing between agents in a multi-agent dynamical system has not been studied extensively. I simulate a system of agents optimizing the same task using reinforcement learning, to study the effects of different…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2008-12-10 Jake Ellowitz

We anticipate increased instances of humans and AI systems working together in what we refer to as a hybrid team. The increase in collaboration is expected as AI systems gain proficiency and their adoption becomes more widespread. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andrew Fuchs , Andrea Passarella , Marco Conti

Individuals interact and cooperate in structured systems. Many studies represent this structure using static networks, where each link represents a permanent connection between two nodes. However, real interactions are generally not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-23 Xiaochen Wang , Lei Zhou , Alex McAvoy , Zhenglong Tian , Aming Li

Diverse disciplines are interested in how the coordination of interacting agents' movements, emotions, and physiology over time impacts social behavior. Here, we describe a new multivariate procedure for automating the investigation of this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Adrien Meynard , Gayan Seneviratna , Elliot Doyle , Joyanne Becker , Hau-Tieng Wu , Jana Schaich Borg

In human-robot cooperation, the robot cooperates with humans to accomplish the task together. Existing approaches assume the human has a specific goal during the cooperation, and the robot infers and acts toward it. However, in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Lingfeng Tao , Michael Bowman , Jiucai Zhang , Xiaoli Zhang

Behavioural cloning has been extensively used to train agents and is recognized as a fast and solid approach to teach general behaviours based on expert trajectories. Such method follows the supervised learning paradigm and it strongly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Federico Malato , Joona Jehkonen , Ville Hautamäki

Dynamic task allocation is an essential requirement for multi-robot systems operating in unknown dynamic environments. It allows robots to change their behavior in response to environmental changes or actions of other robots in order to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Kristina Lerman , Chris Jones , Aram Galstyan , Maja J Mataric

Cooperation is fundamental to human societies. While several basic theoretical mechanisms underlying its evolution have been established, research addressing more realistic settings remains underdeveloped. Drawing on the hypothesis that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-01 Masaaki Inaba , Eizo Akiyama

In collaborative environments, a deep understanding of multi-human teaming dynamics is essential for optimizing performance. However, the relationship between individuals' behavioral and physiological markers and their combined influence on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-28 Yinuo Qin , Richard T. Lee , Weijia Zhang , Xiaoxiao Sun , Paul Sajda