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While Transformers have achieved promising results in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), their autoregressive (AR) structure becomes a bottleneck for speeding up the decoding process. For real-world deployment, ASR systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-27 Keqi Deng , Zehui Yang , Shinji Watanabe , Yosuke Higuchi , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang

Non-autoregressive (NAR) text generation has attracted much attention in the field of natural language processing, which greatly reduces the inference latency but has to sacrifice the generation accuracy. Recently, diffusion models, a class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yifan Li , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained more and more attention in speech processing. With recent state-of-the-art attention-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) structure, NAR can realize promising real-time factor (RTF)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Tianzi Wang , Yuya Fujita , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

In this work, we argue that not all sequence-to-sequence tasks require the strong inductive biases of autoregressive (AR) models. Tasks like multilingual transliteration, code refactoring, grammatical correction or text normalization often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lakshya Tomar , Vinayak Abrol , Puneet Agarwal

Autoregressive (AR) models, common in sequence generation, are limited in many biological tasks such as de novo peptide sequencing and protein modeling by their unidirectional nature, failing to capture crucial global bidirectional token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Xiang Zhang , Jiaqi Wei , Zijie Qiu , Sheng Xu , Zhi Jin , ZhiQiang Gao , Nanqing Dong , Siqi Sun

Code completion tools are frequently used by software developers to accelerate software development by suggesting the following code elements. Completing a sequence of code tokens (e.g., a full line of code) has been proved more efficient…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Fang Liu , Zhiyi Fu , Ge Li , Zhi Jin , Hui Liu , Yiyang Hao

This article describes an efficient end-to-end speech translation (E2E-ST) framework based on non-autoregressive (NAR) models. End-to-end speech translation models have several advantages over traditional cascade systems such as inference…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-10 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yosuke Higuchi , Kevin Duh , Tatsuya Kawahara , Shinji Watanabe

Autoregressive (AR) and Non-autoregressive (NAR) models have their own superiority on the performance and latency, combining them into one model may take advantage of both. Current combination frameworks focus more on the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Minghan Wang , Jiaxin Guo , Yuxia Wang , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Chang Su , Yimeng Chen , Yinglu Li , Min Zhang , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Recently, non-autoregressive (NAT) models predict outputs in parallel, achieving substantial improvements in generation speed compared to autoregressive (AT) models. While performing worse on raw data, most NAT models are trained as student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Jiaxin Guo , Minghan Wang , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Yuxia Wang , Zongyao Li , Zhengzhe Yu , Zhanglin Wu , Yimeng Chen , Chang Su , Min Zhang , Lizhi Lei , shimin tao , Hao Yang

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained significant interest in speech processing since these models achieve dramatically lower inference time than autoregressive (AR) models while also achieving good transcription accuracy. Since NAR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siddhant Arora , George Saon , Shinji Watanabe , Brian Kingsbury

Autoregressive (AR) Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across numerous tasks. However, the AR modeling paradigm presents certain limitations; for instance, contemporary autoregressive LLMs are trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

This paper describes a variational auto-encoder based non-autoregressive text-to-speech (VAENAR-TTS) model. The autoregressive TTS (AR-TTS) models based on the sequence-to-sequence architecture can generate high-quality speech, but their…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Hui Lu , Zhiyong Wu , Xixin Wu , Xu Li , Shiyin Kang , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NART) models suffer from the multi-modality problem which causes translation inconsistency such as token repetition. Most recent approaches have attempted to solve this problem by implicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Jongyoon Song , Sungwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon

We study the text generation task under the approach of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Typically, an auto-regressive (AR) method is adopted for generating texts in a token-by-token manner. Despite many advantages of AR generation, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Non-Autoregressive machine Translation (NAT) models have demonstrated significant inference speedup but suffer from inferior translation accuracy. The common practice to tackle the problem is transferring the Autoregressive machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Yongchang Hao , Shilin He , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael Lyu , Xing Wang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are often advertised as enabling parallel token generation, yet practical fast DLMs frequently converge to left-to-right, autoregressive (AR)-like decoding dynamics. In contrast, genuinely non-AR generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pengxiang Li , Dilxat Muhtar , Tianlong Chen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

Generative Retrieval introduces a new approach to Information Retrieval by reframing it as a constrained generation task, leveraging recent advancements in Autoregressive (AR) language models. However, AR-based Generative Retrieval methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ravisri Valluri , Akash Kumar Mohankumar , Kushal Dave , Amit Singh , Jian Jiao , Manik Varma , Gaurav Sinha

Knowledge distillation is an effective machine learning technique to transfer knowledge from a teacher model to a smaller student model, especially with unlabeled data. In this paper, we focus on knowledge distillation for the RNN-T model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Dongseong Hwang , Khe Chai Sim , Yu Zhang , Trevor Strohman

Benefiting from the sequence-level knowledge distillation, the Non-Autoregressive Transformer (NAT) achieves great success in neural machine translation tasks. However, existing knowledge distillation has side effects, such as propagating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Min Liu , Yu Bao , Chengqi Zhao , Shujian Huang