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In a Human-in-the-Loop paradigm, a robotic agent is able to act mostly autonomously in solving a task, but can request help from an external expert when needed. However, knowing when to request such assistance is critical: too few requests…

In a recent study, Reinforcement Learning (RL) used in combination with many-objective search, has been shown to outperform alternative techniques (random search and many-objective search) for online testing of Deep Neural Network-enabled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Luca Giamattei , Matteo Biagiola , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo , Paolo Tonella

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in autonomous driving (AD) decision tasks. However, applying RL to urban AD, particularly in intersection scenarios, still faces significant challenges. The lack of safety constraints…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ran Yu , Zhuoren Li , Lu Xiong , Wei Han , Bo Leng

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can achieve state-of-the-art performance in decision-making and continuous control tasks. However, applying RL algorithms on safety-critical systems still needs to be well justified due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Mahmoud Selim , Amr Alanwar , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hazem M. Abbas , Karl H. Johansson

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technology has expanded knowledge in the area, bringing to light new problems and challenges that require solutions. Furthermore, because the technology allows processes usually carried…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Cristian Millán-Arias , Ruben Contreras , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based driver assistance systems seek to improve fuel consumption via continual improvement of powertrain control actions considering experiential data from the field. However, the need to explore diverse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Habtamu Hailemichael , Beshah Ayalew , Lindsey Kerbel , Andrej Ivanco , Keith Loiselle

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in a number of autonomous system applications, however many of the underlying algorithms rely on black-box predictions. This results in poor explainability of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Matt Benatan , Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp

Training sophisticated agents for optimal decision-making under uncertainty has been key to the rapid development of modern autonomous systems across fields. Notably, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled decision-making agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Thomas Banker , Ali Mesbah

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful data-driven control method that has been largely explored in autonomous driving tasks. However, conventional RL approaches learn control policies through trial-and-error interactions with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tianyu Shi , Dong Chen , Kaian Chen , Zhaojian Li

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), agents aim at maximizing cumulative rewards in a given environment. During the learning process, RL agents face the dilemma of exploitation and exploration: leveraging existing knowledge to acquire rewards or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chenfan Weng , Zhongguo Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach in the domains of automation and robotics, offering powerful solutions to complex problems that conventional methods struggle to address. In scenarios where the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Meraj Mammadov

Autonomous driving at unsignalized intersections is still considered a challenging application for machine learning due to the complications associated with handling complex multi-agent scenarios characterized by a high degree of…

Decision-making module enables autonomous vehicles to reach appropriate maneuvers in the complex urban environments, especially the intersection situations. This work proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based left-turn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Feng Wang , Dongjie Shi , Teng Liu , Xiaolin Tang

This paper introduces a method, based on deep reinforcement learning, for automatically generating a general purpose decision making function. A Deep Q-Network agent was trained in a simulated environment to handle speed and lane change…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Carl-Johan Hoel , Krister Wolff , Leo Laine

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

Autonomous drifting is a complex and crucial maneuver for safety-critical scenarios like slippery roads and emergency collision avoidance, requiring precise motion planning and control. Traditional motion planning methods often struggle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Bei Zhou , Baha Zarrouki , Mattia Piccinini , Cheng Hu , Lei Xie , Johannes Betz

It is expected that many human drivers will still prefer to drive themselves even if the self-driving technologies are ready. Therefore, human-driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles (AVs) will coexist in a mixed traffic for a long time. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Dong Chen , Longsheng Jiang , Yue Wang , Zhaojian Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn optimal decisions in unknown environments through experience of taking actions and observing the rewards gained. In some cases, the environment is not influenced by the actions of the RL…

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents need to be robust to variations in safety-critical environments. While system identification methods provide a way to infer the variation from online experience, they can fail in settings where fast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Annie Xie , Shagun Sodhani , Chelsea Finn , Joelle Pineau , Amy Zhang

Autonomous driving decision-making is a challenging task due to the inherent complexity and uncertainty in traffic. For example, adjacent vehicles may change their lane or overtake at any time to pass a slow vehicle or to help traffic flow.…