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Reasoning quality in large language models depends not only on producing correct answers but also on generating valid intermediate steps. We study this through multiple-choice question answering (MCQA), which provides a controlled setting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Raphael Schumann , Stefan Riezler

Semantic search is an important task which objective is to find the relevant index from a database for query. It requires a retrieval model that can properly learn the semantics of sentences. Transformer-based models are widely used as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Mingxi Tan , Alexis Rolland , Andong Tian

Over-parameterized neural network models often lead to significant performance discrepancies between training and test sets, a phenomenon known as overfitting. To address this, researchers have proposed numerous regularization techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 RuiZhe Jiang , Haotian Lei

Safe and reliable natural language inference is critical for extracting insights from clinical trial reports but poses challenges due to biases in large pre-trained language models. This paper presents a novel data augmentation technique to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yuqi Wang , Zeqiang Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen , Kaizhu Huang , Anh Nguyen , Suparna De

We propose a simple and effective strategy for data augmentation for low-resource machine reading comprehension (MRC). Our approach first pretrains the answer extraction components of a MRC system on the augmented data that contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Hoang Van , Vikas Yadav , Mihai Surdeanu

Recently several datasets have been proposed to encourage research in Question Answering domains where commonsense knowledge is expected to play an important role. Recent language models such as ROBERTA, BERT and GPT that have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Arindam Mitra , Pratyay Banerjee , Kuntal Kumar Pal , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

With the adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), large language models (LLMs) are expected to ground their generation to the retrieved contexts. Yet, this is hindered by position bias of LLMs, failing to evenly attend to all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Youngwon Lee , Seung-won Hwang , Daniel Campos , Filip Graliński , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Consistency regularization (CR), which enforces agreement between model predictions on augmented views, has found recent benefits in automatic speech recognition [1]. In this paper, we propose the use of consistency regularization for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Shanmuka Sadhu , Weiran Wang

Counterfactual Data Augmentation (CDA) is a commonly used technique for improving robustness in natural language classifiers. However, one fundamental challenge is how to discover meaningful counterfactuals and efficiently label them, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ananth Balashankar , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Ben Packer , Nithum Thain , Jilin Chen , Ed H. Chi , Alex Beutel

Large language models have shown unprecedented abilities in generating linguistically coherent and syntactically correct natural language output. However, they often return incorrect and inconsistent answers to input questions. Due to the…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jasmin Mousavi , Arash Termehchy

Although LLMs exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, existing training methods largely depend on outcome-based feedback, which can produce correct answers with flawed reasoning. Prior work introduces supervision on intermediate steps but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Huichi Zhou , Xin Quan , Qijun Huang , Shengqiong Wu , William Yang Wang , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Question Answering (QA) is a task in natural language processing that has seen considerable growth after the advent of transformers. There has been a surge in QA datasets that have been proposed to challenge natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kate Pearce , Tiffany Zhan , Aneesh Komanduri , Justin Zhan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses. Nevertheless, their robustness is still far from optimal, as they may generate significantly inconsistent responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chong Meng , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

While Large language models (LLMs) have proved able to address some complex reasoning tasks, we also know that they are highly sensitive to input variation, which can lead to different solution paths and final answers. Answer consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Huiyuan Lai , Xiao Zhang , Malvina Nissim

It's hard for neural MWP solvers to deal with tiny local variances. In MWP task, some local changes conserve the original semantic while the others may totally change the underlying logic. Currently, existing datasets for MWP task contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Ailisi Li , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities, yet selecting the most reliable response from multiple LLMs remains a challenge, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Existing approaches often depend on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Aakriti Agrawal , Rohith Aralikatti , Anirudh Satheesh , Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi , Furong Huang

Neural models for response generation produce responses that are semantically plausible but not necessarily factually consistent with facts describing the speaker's persona. These models are trained with fully supervised learning where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mohsen Mesgar , Edwin Simpson , Iryna Gurevych

Human explanations of natural language, rationales, form a tool to assess whether models learn a label for the right reasons or rely on dataset-specific shortcuts. Sufficiency is a common metric for estimating the informativeness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jonathan Kamp , Lisa Beinborn , Antske Fokkens

Quantitative reasoning is a critical skill to analyze data, yet the assessment of such ability remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce the Quantitative Reasoning with Data (QRData) benchmark, aiming to evaluate Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiao Liu , Zirui Wu , Xueqing Wu , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yansong Feng

Retriever-augmented instruction-following models are attractive alternatives to fine-tuned approaches for information-seeking tasks such as question answering (QA). By simply prepending retrieved documents in its input along with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vaibhav Adlakha , Parishad BehnamGhader , Xing Han Lu , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy