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Deep learning models in medical imaging often fail when deployed in new clinical environments due to distribution shifts in demographics, scanner hardware, or acquisition protocols. A central challenge is underspecification, where models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Moritz Stammel , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Raghav Mehta , Mélanie Roschewitz , Ben Glocker

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained considerable attention in the past decades due to their astounding performance in different applications, such as natural language modeling, self-driving assistance, and source code understanding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Qiang Hu , Yuejun Guo , Maxime Cordy , Xiaofei Xie , Wei Ma , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Medical multimodal representation learning aims to integrate heterogeneous clinical data into unified patient representations to support predictive modeling, which remains an essential yet challenging task in the medical data mining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiaoguang Zhu , Lianlong Sun , Yang Liu , Pengyi Jiang , Uma Srivatsa , Nipavan Chiamvimonvat , Vladimir Filkov

Latent confounding has been a long-standing obstacle for causal reasoning from observational data. One popular approach is to model the data using acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs), which describe ancestral relations between variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Matthew Ashman , Chao Ma , Agrin Hilmkil , Joel Jennings , Cheng Zhang

Machine learning algorithms generally suffer from a problem of explainability. Given a classification result from a model, it is typically hard to determine what caused the decision to be made, and to give an informative explanation. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Jonathan Moore , Nils Hammerla , Chris Watkins

Encouraged by the success of deep learning in a variety of domains, we investigate the suitability and effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in a domain where deep learning has not yet been used; namely detecting confusion from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Shane D. Sims , Vanessa Putnam , Cristina Conati

Deep learning classifiers are prone to latching onto dominant confounders present in a dataset rather than on the causal markers associated with the target class, leading to poor generalization and biased predictions. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Nima Fathi , Amar Kumar , Brennan Nichyporuk , Mohammad Havaei , Tal Arbel

While deep learning models often achieve strong task performance, their successes are hampered by their inability to disentangle spurious correlations from causative factors, such as when they use protected attributes (e.g., race, gender,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Kurtis Evan David , Qiang Liu , Ruth Fong

Recent advances in probabilistic generative modeling have motivated learning Structural Causal Models (SCM) from observational datasets using deep conditional generative models, also known as Deep Structural Causal Models (DSCM). If…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Arash Nasr-Esfahany , Emre Kiciman

Model interpretability is a requirement in many applications in which crucial decisions are made by users relying on a model's outputs. The recent movement for "algorithmic fairness" also stipulates explainability, and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Xuan Liu , Xiaoguang Wang , Stan Matwin

Signal processing, communications, and control have traditionally relied on classical statistical modeling techniques. Such model-based methods utilize mathematical formulations that represent the underlying physics, prior information and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Nir Shlezinger , Jay Whang , Yonina C. Eldar , Alexandros G. Dimakis

Large training datasets almost always contain examples with inaccurate or incorrect labels. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) tend to overfit training label noise, resulting in poorer model performance in practice. To address this problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Chen Gong , Kong Bin , Eric J. Seibel , Xin Wang , Youbing Yin , Qi Song

In recent years, the widespread use of deep neural networks (DNNs) has facilitated great improvements in performance for computer vision tasks like image classification and object recognition. In most realistic computer vision applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tejas Borkar , Lina Karam

We study the problem of assessing the robustness of counterfactual explanations for deep learning models. We focus on $\textit{plausible model shifts}$ altering model parameters and propose a novel framework to reason about the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Luca Marzari , Francesco Leofante , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli

Despite their enormous predictive power, machine learning models are often unsuitable for applications in regulated industries such as finance, due to their limited capacity to provide explanations. While model-agnostic frameworks such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Joshua S. Harvey , Guanchao Feng , Sai Anusha Meesala , Tina Zhao , Dhagash Mehta

In many scientific disciplines, coarse-grained causal models are used to explain and predict the dynamics of more fine-grained systems. Naturally, such models require appropriate macrovariables. Automated procedures to detect suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Benedikt Höltgen

In recent years, we have witnessed the great advancement of Deep neural networks (DNNs) in image restoration. However, a critical limitation is that they cannot generalize well to real-world degradations with different degrees or types. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Xin Li , Bingchen Li , Xin Jin , Cuiling Lan , Zhibo Chen

Counterfactual fairness is an approach to AI fairness that tries to make decisions based on the outcomes that an individual with some kind of sensitive status would have had without this status. This paper proposes Double Machine Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Patrick Rehill

Deep learning models have become increasingly useful in many different industries. On the domain of image classification, convolutional neural networks proved the ability to learn robust features for the closed set problem, as shown in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rafael S. Pereira , Alexis Joly , Patrick Valduriez , Fabio Porto

Deep learning models are widely used in traffic forecasting and have achieved state-of-the-art prediction accuracy. However, the black-box nature of those models makes the results difficult to interpret by users. This study aims to leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Rushan Wang , Yanan Xin , Yatao Zhang , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Martin Raubal