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In this paper, we focus on how to dynamically allocate a divisible resource fairly among n players who arrive and depart over time. The players may have general heterogeneous valuations over the resource. It is known that the exact…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Bo Li , Wenyang Li , Yingkai Li

Algorithmic fairness in decision-making has been studied extensively in static settings where one-shot decisions are made on tasks such as classification. However, in practice most decision-making processes are of a sequential nature, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xueru Zhang , Mingyan Liu

We introduce a new measure to capture fairness of a schedule in a single round robin (SRR) tournament when participants are ranked by strength. To prevent distortion of the outcome of an SRR tournament as well as to guarantee equal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Sten Wessel , Cor Hurkens , Frits Spieksma

The statistics of persistent events, recently introduced in the context of phase ordering dynamics, is investigated in the case of the 1D lattice random walk in discrete time. We determine the survival probability of the random walker in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 M. Bauer , C. Godreche , J. M. Luck

In this paper we apply survival techniques to soccer data, treating a goal scoring as the event of interest. It specifically concerns the relationship between the time of the first goal in the game and the time of the second goal. In order…

Applications · Statistics 2012-07-31 Daniel Nevo , Ya'acov Ritov

In two-player games on graphs, the players move a token through a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner of the game. Such games are central in formal methods since they model the interaction between a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Milad Aghajohari , Guy Avni , Thomas A. Henzinger

Most of the stochastic orders for comparing random variables, considered in the literature, are afflicted with two main drawbacks: (i) lack of connex property and (ii) lack of consideration of any dependence structure between the random…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-03 Sugata Ghosh , Asok K. Nanda

We construct a statistical ensemble of games, where in each independent subensemble we have two players playing the same game. We derive the mean payoffs per move of the representative players of the game, and we evaluate all the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-08 Rui Dilao , Joao Graciano

With the development of measurement technology, data on the movements of actual games in various sports can be obtained and used for planning and evaluating the tactics and strategy. Defense in team sports is generally difficult to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Kosuke Toda , Masakiyo Teranishi , Keisuke Kushiro , Keisuke Fujii

We study population dynamics under which each revising agent tests each strategy k times, with each trial being against a newly drawn opponent, and chooses the strategy whose mean payoff was highest. When k = 1, defection is globally stable…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-01-05 Srinivas Arigapudi , Yuval Heller , Igal Milchtaich

Knockout tournaments constitute a popular format for organizing sports competitions. While prior results have shown that it is often possible to manipulate a knockout tournament by fixing the bracket, these results ignore the prevalent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Pasin Manurangsi , Warut Suksompong

We address the following dynamic version of the school choice question: a city, named City, admits students in two temporally-separated rounds, denoted $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_2$. In round $\mathcal{R}_1$, the capacity of each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Karthik Gajulapalli , James Liu , Tung Mai , Vijay V. Vazirani

Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation based on repeated interactions. When individuals meet repeatedly, they can use conditional strategies to enforce cooperative outcomes that would not be feasible in one-shot…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-24 Seung Ki Baek , Hyeong-Chai Jeong , Christian Hilbe , Martin A. Nowak

A random walk-like model is considered to discuss statistical aspects of tournaments. The model is applied to soccer leagues with emphasis on the scores. This competitive system was computationally simulated and the results are compared…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-04-30 H. V. Ribeiro , R. S. Mendes , L. C. Malacarne , S. Picoli , P. A. Santoro

The group stage of a sports tournament is often made more appealing by introducing additional constraints in the group draw that promote an attractive and balanced group composition. For example, the number of intra-regional group matches…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-25 László Csató , Martin Becker , Karel Devriesere , Dries Goossens

The game of Knockout is a classic playground game played with two basketballs. This paper uses a Markov process to analyze each player's probability of winning the game given their starting position in line and shooting percentages,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Andrew Flatz , Michael C. Loper , Lezlie Weyer

The integrity of a sport can be seriously undermined if its rules punish winning as this creates incentives for strategic manipulation. Therefore, a sports tournament can be called unfair if the overall win probabilities are not ordered…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-15 László Csató

We study the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games with four competing strategies: cooperators, defectors, punishing cooperators, and punishing defectors. To explore the robustness of the cooperation-promoting effect of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-05-26 Dirk Helbing , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc , Gyorgy Szabo

Given a dynamic ordinal game, we deem a strategy sequentially rational if there exist a Bernoulli utility function and a conditional probability system with respect to which the strategy is a maximizer. We establish a complete class theorem…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-12-07 Pierfrancesco Guarino

Although many fairness criteria have been proposed for decision making, their long-term impact on the well-being of a population remains unclear. In this work, we study the dynamics of population qualification and algorithmic decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-24 Xueru Zhang , Ruibo Tu , Yang Liu , Mingyan Liu , Hedvig Kjellström , Kun Zhang , Cheng Zhang