Related papers: Intermediate Goodstein principles

In this paper, we consider the composition of two independent processes : one process corresponds to position and the other one to time. Such processes will be called iterated processes. We first propose an algorithm based on the Euler…

This is the second of two articles devoted to an exposition of the generating-function method for computing fusion rules in affine Lie algebras. The present paper focuses on fusion rules, using the machinery developed for tensor products in…

We show that quantum circuits where the initial state and all the following quantum operations can be represented by positive Wigner functions can be classically efficiently simulated. This is true both for continuous-variable as well as…

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer $n$ can be written uniquely as the sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers; a similar result, though with a different notion of a legal decomposition, holds for many other sequences. We use these…

We propose a new method for constructing Turing ideals satisfying principles of reverse mathematics below the Chain-Antichain Principle (CAC). Using this method, we are able to prove several new separations in the presence of Weak Konig's…

Gaussian building blocks are essential for photonic quantum information processing, and universality can be practically achieved by equipping Gaussian circuits with adaptive measurement and feedforward. The number of adaptive steps then…

In the base phi representation any natural number is written uniquely as a sum of powers of the golden mean with coefficients 0 and 1, where it is required that the product of two consecutive digits is always 0. In this self-contained paper…

This paper first strictly proved that the growth of the second moment of a large class of Gaussian processes is not greater than power function and the covariance matrix is strictly positive definite. Under these two conditions, the maximum…

Using the concepts of Hyperbolic Classification of Natural Numbers, Essential Regions and Goldbach Conjecture Function we prove that the existence of a proof of the Goldbach Conjecture in First-Order Arithmetic would imply the existence of…

Let $G$ be a multiplicative subgroup of the prime field $\mathbb F_p$ of size $|G|> p^{1-\kappa}$ and $r$ an arbitrarily fixed positive integer. Assuming $\kappa=\kappa(r)>0$ and $p$ large enough, it is shown that any proportional subset…

Given a set of integers with no three in arithmetic progression, we construct a Stanley sequence by adding integers greedily so that no arithmetic progression is formed. This paper offers two main contributions to the theory of Stanley…

Natural Gradient Descent, a second-degree optimization method motivated by the information geometry, makes use of the Fisher Information Matrix instead of the Hessian which is typically used. However, in many cases, the Fisher Information…

We study Newton type methods for inverse problems described by nonlinear operator equations $F(u)=g$ in Banach spaces where the Newton equations $F'(u_n;u_{n+1}-u_n) = g-F(u_n)$ are regularized variationally using a general data misfit…

For computation, there existed Turing machine and later-matured automata theory. For low-level parallel computation, there existed variants of Turing machine, such as two-tapes Turing machine and multi-tapes Turing machine. In the…

In this paper, we study $k$-term arithmetic progressions $N, N+d, ..., N+(k-1)d$ of powerful numbers. Under the $abc$-conjecture, we obtain $d \gg_\epsilon N^{1/2 - \epsilon}$. On the other hand, there exist infinitely many $3$-term…

Using the concept of self-decomposable subordinators introduced in Gardini et al. [11], we build a new bivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian process that can capture stochastic delays. In addition, we also develop a novel path simulation scheme…

We consider continuous and discontinuous Galerkin time stepping methods of arbitrary order as applied to nonlinear initial value problems in real Hilbert spaces. Our only assumption is that the nonlinearities are continuous; in particular,…

By departing from the previous attempt (Phys. Rev. {\bf E 51}, 4114, (1995)) we give a detailed construction of conditional and perturbed Markov processes, under the assumption that the Cauchy law of probability replaces the Gaussian law…

Let $X_{1},X_{2},...$ be a sequence of independent copies (s.i.c) of a real random variable (r.v.) $X\geq 1$, with distribution function $df$ $F(x)=\mathbb{P}% (X\leq x)$ and let $X_{1,n}\leq X_{2,n} \leq ... \leq X_{n,n}$ be the order…

We establish restrictions on the Hilbert function of standard graded Gorenstein algebras with only quadratic relations. Furthermore, we pose some intriguing conjectures and provide evidence for them by proving them in some cases using a…