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Smart contracts are programs running on a blockchain. They are immutable to change, and hence can not be patched for bugs once deployed. Thus it is critical to ensure they are bug-free and well-designed before deployment. A Contract defect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Jiachi Chen , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Daniel Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

Smart contract (SC) platforms form blocks of transactions into a chain and execute them via user-defined smart contracts. In conventional platforms like Bitcoin and Ethereum, the transactions within a block are executed \emph{sequentially}…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje , Michael Kong

The wide application of Ethereum technology has brought technological innovation to traditional industries. As one of Ethereum's core applications, smart contracts utilize diverse contract codes to meet various functional needs and have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiacheng Yao , Maolin Wang , Wanqi Chen , Chengxiang Jin , Jiajun Zhou , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

In recent years, smart contracts have suffered major exploits, costing millions of dollars. Unlike traditional programs, smart contracts are deployed on a blockchain. As such, they cannot be modified once deployed. Though various tools have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Christof Ferreira Torres , Mathis Baden , Robert Norvill , Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros , Hugo Jonker , Sjouke Mauw

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met. However, designing and implementing a smart contract is not trivial since upon deployment on a blockchain, it is no longer possible to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chaïmaa Benabbou , Önder Gürcan

ERC-20 is the most prominent Ethereum standard for fungible tokens. Tokens implementing the ERC-20 interface can interoperate with a large number of already deployed internet-based services and Ethereum-based smart contracts. In recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Reza Rahimian , Jeremy Clark

Modern blockchain, such as Ethereum, supports the deployment and execution of so-called smart contracts, autonomous digital programs with significant value of cryptocurrency. Executing smart contracts requires gas costs paid by users, which…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Majd Soud , Waltteri Nuutinen , Grischa Liebel

The rapid advancement of blockchain technology has precipitated the widespread adoption of Ethereum and smart contracts across a variety of sectors. However, this has also given rise to numerous fraudulent activities, with many speculators…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Chunyi Zhang , Qinghong Wei , Xiaoqi Li

Nowadays, more and more applications are developed for running on a distributed ledger technology, namely dApps. The business logic of dApps is usually implemented within smart contracts developed through Solidity, a programming language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Andrea Di Sorbo , Sonia Laudanna , Anna Vacca , Corrado A. Visaggio , Gerardo Canfora

Smart contracts are blockchain-based algorithms that execute when specific criteria are satisfied. They are often used to automate the implementation of an agreement so that all parties may be confident of the conclusion right away, without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Harry Virani , Manthan Kyada

Smart contracts are programs deployed on a blockchain and are immutable once deployed. Reentrancy, one of the most important vulnerabilities in smart contracts, has caused millions of dollars in financial loss. Many reentrancy detection…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Zibin Zheng , Neng Zhang , Jianzhong Su , Zhijie Zhong , Mingxi Ye , Jiachi Chen

Ethereum is the largest blockchain platform that supports smart contracts. Users deploy smart contracts by publishing the smart contract's bytecode to the blockchain. Since the data in the blockchain cannot be modified, even if these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Pengcheng Zhang , Feng Xiao , Xiapu Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in modern software development lifecycles, where they are increasingly used to automate and assist code generation, significantly improving developer productivity and reducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hoang Long Do , Nasrin Sohrabi , Muneeb Ul Hassan

Security attacks targeting smart contracts have been on the rise, which have led to financial loss and erosion of trust. Therefore, it is important to enable developers to discover security vulnerabilities in smart contracts before…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Asem Ghaleb , Karthik Pattabiraman

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that run on the Ethereum blockchain, and many smart contract vulnerabilities have been discovered in the past decade. Many security analysis tools have been created to detect such vulnerabilities, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Nami Ashizawa , Naoto Yanai , Jason Paul Cruz , Shingo Okamura

With a market capitalisation of over USD 205 billion in just under ten years, public distributed ledgers have experienced significant adoption. Apart from novel consensus mechanisms, their success is also accountable to smart contracts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Dominik Harz , William Knottenbelt

This paper presents a novel fuzzing framework, called MicroFuzz, specifically designed for Microservices. Mocking-Assisted Seed Execution, Distributed Tracing, Seed Refresh and Pipeline Parallelism approaches are adopted to address the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Peng Di , Bingchang Liu , Yiyi Gao

Ethereum smart contracts, which are autonomous decentralized applications on the blockchain that manage assets often exceeding millions of dollars, have become primary targets for cyberattacks. In 2023 alone, such vulnerabilities led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Christoph Sendner , Lukas Petzi , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and several others execute complex transactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts. To append a correct block into blockchain, miners execute these transactions of smart…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Parwat Singh Anjana , Sweta Kumari , Sathya Peri , Sachin Rathor , Archit Somani

This paper serves as a progress report on our research, specifically focusing on utilizing interval analysis, an existing static analysis method, for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We present a selection of motivating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ştefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie