Related papers: Classically-entangled Ince-Gaussian modes
The strong coupling between the spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom (DoF) in vector modes enables a diverse array of exotic, inhomogeneous polarisation distributions through a non-separable superposition, which are conventionally…
Vector modes represent the most general state of light in which, the spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom are coupled in a non-separable way. Crucially, while polarisation is limited to a bi-dimensional space, the spatial degree of…
Increasing the complexity of a light field through the advanced manipulation of its degrees of freedom (DoF) provides new opportunities for fundamental studies and technologies. Correlating polarization with the light's spatial or spectral…
In this article we present a quantum theoretical framework of photons entangled in higher order modes like Ince-Gauss modes. Ince-Gauss modes are the natural solution of the quantum harmonic oscillator in elliptical coordinates. These modes…
Vector beams are often regarded as non-separable superpositions of spatial and polarization degrees of freedom that satisfy the wave equation. This interpretation ties their polarization structure to their spatial shape. Here, we introduce…
Complex vector modes represent a general state of light nonseparable in their spatial and polarization degrees of freedom, which have inspired a wide variety of novel applications and phenomena, such as their unexpected propagation…
The study of fundamental optics effects has been stimulated through the increasing ability to structure light in all its degrees of freedom (DOFs) in sophisticated but simple experimental settings. However, with such an increase in…
Vectorially structured light has emerged as an enabling tool in many diverse applications, from communication to imaging, exploiting quantum-like correlations courtesy of a non-separable spatially varying polarization structure. Creating…
It is shown that the vector-vortex Laguerre-Gauss modes with polarization-orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement are the vector solutions of the Maxwell equations in a graded-index medium. Focusing of linearly and circularly polarized…
Polarization (P), angular index (l), and radius index (p) are three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) of vector vortex beams, which have been widely used in optical communications, quantum optics, information processing, etc. Although…
Photons with complex spatial mode structures open up possibilities for new fundamental high-dimensional quantum experiments and for novel quantum information tasks. Here we show for the first time entanglement of photons with complex vortex…
The non-separability between the spatial and polarisation Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) of complex vector light fields has drawn significant attention in recent time. Key to this are its remarkable similarities with quantum entanglement, with…
We deduce a set of circularly polarized Gaussian laser beam modes via a separation-of-variables solution to the Helmholtz wave equation in oblate spheriodal coordinates. On transforming to cylindrical coordinates these become the well-known…
The Higher-Order Poincar\'e Sphere (HOPS) provides a powerful geometrical tool for representing vector beams as points on the surface of a unitary sphere. Since a particular position on the surface represents any spatial mode regardless of…
Vector beams (VBs) are fully polarized beams with spatially varying polarization distributions, and they have found widespread use in numerous applications such as microscopy, metrology, optical trapping, nano-photonics, and communications.…
Non-separable superpositions of polarization and spatial modes in Gaussian beams have shown rich patterns of spatially-variable polarization encoded in the transverse mode of the light, with the potential for many applications. In this work…
Under the introduction of any interface in its trajectory, an optical beam experiences polarization-dependent deflections in the longitudinal and transverse directions with respect to the plane of incidence. The physics of such optical beam…
Reflection and transmission of narrow beams at a dielectric interface is analysed. It is confirmed that for arbitrary incidence two types of beams - Elegant Hermite-Gaussians of linear polarization and Elegant Laguerre-Gaussians of circular…
We investigate theoretical properties of beams of light with non-uniform polarization patterns. Specifically, we determine all possible configurations of cylindrically polarized modes (CPMs) of the electro-magnetic field, calculate their…
Generation of spatially inhomogeneously polarized (SIP) beams due to polarization spatial mode nonseparability is demonstrated using a polarization Sagnac interferometer. Counter propagating horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized…