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The critical challenge of Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is how to effectively leverage the limited labeled data and massive unlabeled data to improve the model's generalization performance. In this paper, we first revisit the popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Hao Chen , Ran Tao , Yue Fan , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bernt Schiele , Xing Xie , Bhiksha Raj , Marios Savvides

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) is a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the expensive cost of collecting precise multi-label annotations. Unlike semi-supervised learning, one cannot select the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jia-Hao Xiao , Ming-Kun Xie , Heng-Bo Fan , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

Self-training is a classical approach in semi-supervised learning which is successfully applied to a variety of machine learning problems. Self-training algorithm generates pseudo-labels for the unlabeled examples and progressively refines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Samet Oymak , Talha Cihad Gulcu

In this work we address multi-target domain adaptation (MTDA) in semantic segmentation, which consists in adapting a single model from an annotated source dataset to multiple unannotated target datasets that differ in their underlying data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Yangsong Zhang , Subhankar Roy , Hongtao Lu , Elisa Ricci , Stéphane Lathuilière

Self-training has shown great potential in semi-supervised learning. Its core idea is to use the model learned on labeled data to generate pseudo-labels for unlabeled samples, and in turn teach itself. To obtain valid supervision, active…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Ye Du , Yujun Shen , Haochen Wang , Jingjing Fei , Wei Li , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Zehua Fu , Qingjie Liu

In semi-supervised learning, the paradigm of self-training refers to the idea of learning from pseudo-labels suggested by the learner itself. Across various domains, corresponding methods have proven effective and achieve state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-12 Julian Lienen , Caglar Demir , Eyke Hüllermeier

The major driving force behind the immense success of deep learning models is the availability of large datasets along with their clean labels. Unfortunately, this is very difficult to obtain, which has motivated research on the training of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Devraj Mandal , Shrisha Bharadwaj , Soma Biswas

Deep learning usually achieves the best results with complete supervision. In the case of semantic segmentation, this means that large amounts of pixelwise annotations are required to learn accurate models. In this paper, we show that we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Yi Zhu , Zhongyue Zhang , Chongruo Wu , Zhi Zhang , Tong He , Hang Zhang , R. Manmatha , Mu Li , Alexander Smola

Studies on semi-supervised medical image segmentation (SSMIS) have seen fast progress recently. Due to the limited labelled data, SSMIS methods mainly focus on effectively leveraging unlabeled data to enhance the segmentation performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Zhen Zhao , Ye Liu , Meng Zhao , Di Yin , Yixuan Yuan , Luping Zhou

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation (SSMIS) has witnessed substantial advancements by leveraging limited labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. Nevertheless, existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods encounter challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wei Li , Ruifeng Bian , Wenyi Zhao , Weijin Xu , Huihua Yang

We propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) method that adopts selective training with pseudo labels. In our method, we generate hard pseudo-labels and also estimate their confidence, which represents how likely each pseudo-label is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Masato Ishii

Semi-supervised learning reduces the costly manual annotation burden in medical image segmentation. A popular approach is the mean teacher (MT) strategy, which applies consistency regularization using a temporally averaged teacher model. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Pengchen Zhang , Alan J. X. Guo , Sipin Luo , Zhe Han , Lin Guo

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) aims to address the challenge of limited labeled data in multi-label learning (MLL) by leveraging unlabeled data to improve the model's performance. While pseudo-labeling has become a dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Bo Han , Zhuoming Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Yaxin Hou , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou , Yuheng Jia

Semi-supervised learning, i.e. jointly learning from labeled and unlabeled samples, is an active research topic due to its key role on relaxing human supervision. In the context of image classification, recent advances to learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Eric Arazo , Diego Ortego , Paul Albert , Noel E. O'Connor , Kevin McGuinness

Class-agnostic motion prediction methods aim to comprehend motion within open-world scenarios, holding significance for autonomous driving systems. However, training a high-performance model in a fully-supervised manner always requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kewei Wang , Yizheng Wu , Zhiyu Pan , Xingyi Li , Ke Xian , Zhe Wang , Zhiguo Cao , Guosheng Lin

Self-training (ST) is a simple yet effective semi-supervised learning method. However, why and how ST improves generalization performance by using potentially erroneous pseudo-labels is still not well understood. To deepen the understanding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-08 Takashi Takahashi

Semi-supervised object detection has recently achieved substantial progress. As a mainstream solution, the self-labeling-based methods train the detector on both labeled data and unlabeled data with pseudo labels predicted by the detector…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Chengcheng Ma , Xingjia Pan , Qixiang Ye , Fan Tang , Weiming Dong , Changsheng Xu

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation has gained growing interest due to its ability to utilize unannotated data. The current state-of-the-art methods mostly rely on pseudo-labeling within a co-training framework. These methods depend…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Suruchi Kumari , Pravendra Singh

Pseudo-labeling is a crucial technique in semi-supervised learning (SSL), where artificial labels are generated for unlabeled data by a trained model, allowing for the simultaneous training of labeled and unlabeled data in a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Joon-Sung Yang

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Islam Nassar , Samitha Herath , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari