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Pre-trained language models in the past years have shown exponential growth in model parameters and compute time. ELECTRA is a novel approach for improving the compute efficiency of pre-trained language models (e.g. BERT) based on masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Junmo Kang , Suwon Shin , Jeonghwan Kim , Jaeyoung Jo , Sung-Hyon Myaeng

A recent line of works apply machine learning techniques to assist or rebuild cost-based query optimizers in DBMS. While exhibiting superiority in some benchmarks, their deficiencies, e.g., unstable performance, high training cost, and slow…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Rong Zhu , Wei Chen , Bolin Ding , Xingguang Chen , Andreas Pfadler , Ziniu Wu , Jingren Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a recent technique to improve the quality of the text generated by a language model, making it closer to what humans would generate. A core ingredient in RLHF's success in aligning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Miguel Moura Ramos , Patrick Fernandes , António Farinhas , André F. T. Martins

Answering multiple-choice questions in a setting in which no supporting documents are explicitly provided continues to stand as a core problem in natural language processing. The contribution of this article is two-fold. First, it describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 George-Sebastian Pîrtoacă , Traian Rebedea , Stefan Ruseti

In precision-oriented tasks like answer ranking, it is more important to rank many relevant answers highly than to retrieve all relevant answers. It follows that a good ranking strategy would be to learn how to identify the easiest correct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Sean MacAvaney , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Nazli Goharian , Ophir Frieder

Machine based text comprehension has always been a significant research field in natural language processing. Once a full understanding of the text context and semantics is achieved, a deep learning model can be trained to solve a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Omar Mossad , Amgad Ahmed , Anandharaju Raju , Hari Karthikeyan , Zayed Ahmed

The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model has been radically improving the performance of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as Text Classification and Named Entity Recognition (NER)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Leonard Dahlmann , Tomer Lancewicki

Ranking is a key aspect of many applications, such as information retrieval, question answering, ad placement and recommender systems. Learning to rank has the goal of estimating a ranking model automatically from training data. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

Text classification problem is a very broad field of study in the field of natural language processing. In short, the text classification problem is to determine which of the previously determined classes the given text belongs to.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 D. Emre Taşar , Şükrü Ozan , M. Fatih Akca , Oğuzhan Ölmez , Semih Gülüm , Seçilay Kutal , Ceren Belhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in listwise passage reranking task. However, directly applying them to rank long-form documents introduces both effectiveness and efficiency issues due to the substantially…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jincheng Feng , Wenhan Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Learning to rank is a machine learning technique broadly used in many areas such as document retrieval, collaborative filtering or question answering. We present experimental results which suggest that the performance of the current…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Michal Ferov , Marek Modrý

The process of meta-learning algorithms from data, instead of relying on manual design, is growing in popularity as a paradigm for improving the performance of machine learning systems. Meta-learning shows particular promise for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Alexander David Goldie , Zilin Wang , Jaron Cohen , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

Model evolution and constant availability of data are two common phenomena in large-scale real-world machine learning applications, e.g. ads and recommendation systems. To adapt, the real-world system typically retrain with all available…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jian Zhu , Congcong Liu , Pei Wang , Xiwei Zhao , Zhangang Lin , Jingping Shao

Fine-tuning of pre-trained transformer networks such as BERT yield state-of-the-art results for text classification tasks. Typically, fine-tuning is performed on task-specific training datasets in a supervised manner. One can also fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Gregor Wiedemann , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

Pre-trained contextual representations (e.g., BERT) have become the foundation to achieve state-of-the-art results on many NLP tasks. However, large-scale pre-training is computationally expensive. ELECTRA, an early attempt to accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Zhenhui Xu , Linyuan Gong , Guolin Ke , Di He , Shuxin Zheng , Liwei Wang , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

An essential task of most Question Answering (QA) systems is to re-rank the set of answer candidates, i.e., Answer Sentence Selection (A2S). These candidates are typically sentences either extracted from one or more documents preserving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniele Bonadiman , Alessandro Moschitti

Online shopping stores have grown steadily over the past few years. Due to the massive growth of these businesses, the detection of fake reviews has attracted attention. Fake reviews are seriously trying to mislead customers and thereby…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Abrar Qadir Mir , Furqan Yaqub Khan , Mohammad Ahsan Chishti

This study compares the effectiveness and robustness of multi-class categorization of Amazon product data using transfer learning on pre-trained contextualized language models. Specifically, we fine-tuned BERT and XLNet, two bidirectional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-24 Xinyi Liu , Artit Wangperawong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) introduces additional information to enhance large language models (LLMs). In machine translation (MT), previous work typically retrieves in-context examples from paired MT corpora, or domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiaan Wang , Fandong Meng , Yingxue Zhang , Jie Zhou

Existing search engines use keyword matching or tf-idf based matching to map the query to the web-documents and rank them. They also consider other factors such as page rank, hubs-and-authority scores, knowledge graphs to make the results…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Manish Patel