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Focusing on motion of two interacting players in football games, two velocity vectors for the pair of one player and the nearest opponent player exhibit strong alignment. Especially, we find that there exists a characteristic interpersonal…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-20 Takuma Narizuka , Yoshihiro Yamazaki

Evaluating the individual movements for teammates in soccer players is crucial for assessing teamwork, scouting, and fan engagement. It has been said that players in a 90-min game do not have the ball for about 87 minutes on average.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Masakiyo Teranishi , Kazushi Tsutsui , Kazuya Takeda , Keisuke Fujii

In this paper we present a novel approach to optimise tactical and strategic decision making in football (soccer). We model the game of football as a multi-stage game which is made up from a Bayesian game to model the pre-match decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ryan Beal , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

Estimation of football players' skills is one of the key tasks in sports analytics. This paper introduces multiple extensions to a widely used model, expected possession value (EPV), to address some key challenges such as selection problem.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Andrei Shelopugin

Continuous-time assessments of game outcomes in sports have become increasingly common in the last decade. In American football, only discrete-time estimates of play value were possible, since the most advanced public football datasets were…

In this work we propose a multi-modal architecture for analyzing soccer scenes from tactical camera footage, with a focus on three core tasks: ball trajectory inference, ball state classification, and ball possessor identification. To this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Marc Peral , Guillem Capellera , Luis Ferraz , Antonio Rubio , Antonio Agudo

The expected possession value (EPV) of a soccer possession represents the likelihood of a team scoring or receiving the next goal at any time instance. By decomposing the EPV into a series of subcomponents that are estimated separately, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Javier Fernandez , Luke Bornn , Daniel Cervone

Expected goals (xG) models estimate the probability that a shot results in a goal from its context (e.g., location, pressure), but they operate only on observed shots. We propose xG+, a possession-level framework that first estimates the…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Jonathan Pipping-Gamón , Tianshu Feng , R. Paul Sabin

Football is a very result-driven industry, with goals being rarer than in most sports, so having further parameters to judge the performance of teams and individuals is key. Expected Goals (xG) allow further insight than just a scoreline.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 James H. Hewitt , Oktay Karakuş

To score goals in football, a team needs to move forward on the pitch and there are various ways to do so. Depending on the game plan & philosophy; some teams prefer to play long balls from either wings or defense. Others, prefer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Hadi Sotudeh

In soccer games, the goalkeeper's performance is an important factor to the success of the whole team. Despite the goalkeeper's importance, little attention has been paid to their performance in events and tracking data. Here, we developed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Samer Fatayri , Kirill Serykh , Egor Gumin

Image understanding is a foundational task in computer vision, with recent applications emerging in soccer posture analysis. However, existing publicly available datasets lack comprehensive information, notably in the form of posture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Calvin Yeung , Kenjiro Ide , Keisuke Fujii

Modeling humans in physical scenes is vital for understanding human-environment interactions for applications involving augmented reality or assessment of human actions from video (e.g. sports or physical rehabilitation). State-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nathan Louis , Mahzad Khoshlessan , Jason J. Corso

This study employs Bayesian methodologies to explore the influence of player or positional factors in predicting the probability of a shot resulting in a goal, measured by the expected goals (xG) metric. Utilising publicly available data…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-14 Alexander Scholtes , Oktay Karakuş

The non-scientific event of a soccer match is analysed on a strictly scientific level. The analysis is based on the recently introduced concept of a team fitness (Eur. Phys. J. B 67, 445, 2009) and requires the use of finite-size scaling. A…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-03 Andreas Heuer , Christian Mueller , Oliver Rubner

Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) is a simulation of a real soccer game in two dimensions. In soccer, passing behavior is an essential action for keeping the ball in possession of our team and creating goal opportunities. Similarly, for SS2D,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Nader Zare , Mahtab Sarvmaili , Aref Sayareh , Omid Amini , Stan Matwin Amilcar Soares

Soccer is a sport played on a pitch where effective use of space is crucial. Decision-making during transitions, when possession switches between teams, has been increasingly important, but research on space evaluation in these moments has…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-22 Yohei Ogawa , Rikuhei Umemoto , Keisuke Fujii

We present a framework that gives a deep insight into the link between physical and technical-tactical aspects of soccer and it allows associating physical performance with value generation thanks to a top-down approach. First, we estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-06 Sergio Llana , Borja Burriel , Pau Madrero , Javier Fernández

Change of direction is a key element of player movement in American football, yet there remains a lack of objective approaches for in-game performance evaluation of this athletic trait. Using tracking data, we propose a Bayesian…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-09 Quang Nguyen , Ronald Yurko

We propose a novel framework for accurate 3D human pose estimation in combat sports using sparse multi-camera setups. Our method integrates robust multi-view 2D pose tracking via a transformer-based top-down approach, employing epipolar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hossein Feiz , David Labbé , Thomas Romeas , Jocelyn Faubert , Sheldon Andrews